(1) “All citizens without distinction are eligible for public office in accordance with the laws and according to their ability and services.” (Article 128.) In the future, citizenship in a particular state may no longer be demanded by the laws of the States as a condition for public employment; for the Constitution expressly provides that citizens must be admitted to public employment “without distinction.” In addition, Article 110, par. 2, formally declares, “Every German has the same rights and duties in each State of the Commonwealth as the citizens of that State.” On the other hand, Article 16 provides that as a rule officers directly charged with the administration of services that depend directly on the Reich, and who are assigned to a State, shall be citizens of that State. From this it must be concluded that the civil servants of a State may as a rule be recruited from among the citizens of that State without violating the spirit of the Constitution. Already in preceding laws one finds no legal obstacle to the admission of women to civil service. The Constitution declares, meanwhile: “All discriminations against women in the civil service are abolished.” By this--a logical consequence of the provision of Article 109, by which men and women have in principle the same civil rights and duties--all obstacles to the admission of women to the service of the State on the same conditions as men are abolished. (2) _Civil servants are in principle appointed for life._ However, exceptions are provided for, either in case future legislation on civil servants contains contrary provisions, or if, up to then, the law on civil servants of the Empire and the laws of the states have provided a different rule. A proposal by the Independents, according to which civil servants would have to be chosen by election and therewith lose all guarantees the Constitution and the laws accord them, was rejected by a great majority. The rights acquired by civil servants must be _inviolable_. Claims in money matters must be heard by tribunals. Civil servants may not be temporarily deprived of their function, retired for a time or permanently, or be given new work of a lower nature except under conditions and according to forms provided by law and not by simple arbitrary administrative measures. Against any disciplinary measure, civil servants may enter protests and commence procedure for damages. Furthermore, the system of secret reports on persons employed is abolished. Every civil servant has the right to consult his record, and no disparaging entry may be introduced in it without the opportunity being given to the employé to explain himself on this matter.