The Councils are as essential to Germany to-day as the Commons were to us a century ago. Indeed, our insistence on the supremacy of the Weimar Assembly as a guarantee for the maintenance of peace, can be paralleled by our insistence a century ago on the maintenance of Upper Houses in the constitutions of the States revolutionised from France. The function of the territorially elected Parliament will, in Germany, and probably everywhere, become more and more that of an Upper House; while the industrially elected Congress will be the creative and constructive institution. The whole difficulty lies in finding a working compromise, or rather co-operation. Just as Feudalism imposed its political system which survives in the House of Lords, just as Liberalism imposed its system as represented in the House of Commons, which now obviously requires supplementing, so Socialism must have its political system in the Councils. This is not revolution but evolution. The revolution comes from thwarting and threatening it. FOOTNOTES: [F] They have since been replaced by two anti-revolutionary bodies, a sort of gendarmerie and a local middle class militia (Einwohnerwehr). The Frei-corps have become the Reichswehr. [G] The re-organisation and reconstruction of our political and economic existence calls for the co-operation of the whole effective population. The revolution has given us the means of such reconstruction in the Council system. In order to give the Council system its full development and a better foundation, fresh elections to the Workmen's Councils are indispensable. 1. All hand and head workers over 10 years without distinction of sex who earn their living by labour of public utility without exploiting the labour of others are entitled to vote. Are also entitled those who employ a limited number of helpers for their livelihood, as doctors, druggists, writers, jurists, artists, etc.--as also small industrials and craftsmen who do not employ others. 2. Are excluded from voting those owners of means of production who use them to their own advantage and always through the labour of others. Also those who rent a private-capitalist industry or institutions worked by the labour of others. Also those who live from ground rents or interest as also those like Directors, etc., paid in percentage fees. 3. Elections to Workmen's Councils are by proportional representation and by professions or industries. Great industries form distinct electoral bodies while medium and small industries will be associated. Professions and professional groups that do not work with other employés within a particular industry will form professional electoral bodies; employés in domestic service, housewives, unemployed and invalids will be provided for in special regulations. Further instructions as to the electoral regulations and procedure will be issued shortly.