Germany -- History -- Revolution, 1918; Germany -- Politics and government -- 1918-1933
The other meeting, in a remote workmen's quarter, was addressed by the
Independent Breitscheidt, whose every point was punctuated by
guttural growls from half-starved workmen and women. The recital of
Germany's renunciations and restrictions under the Treaty was listened
to in silence; but the conclusion that the old _régime_, if
victorious, would have done this and worse was received with an
emphatic "sehr richtig" (quite true). The interruptions from two
middle-class youths near me, to the effect that an Englishman or
Frenchman saying what Breitscheidt had said in London or Paris would
have to run for his life--true enough too--were badly received. "Fat
cheeks," screamed a haggard woman, pointing out that the young men
were chubby. "Frei-Corps puppies," shouted a workman, giving the
explanation of their being well fed. And it would have gone hard with
them if the Independent leaders had not intervened to get them clear.
The speaker's conclusions that the peace must be signed at once, that
it must be signed by those responsible for it, and that thereafter
there would be an "Independent" Government, was received with a
diminuendo of assent. The poorer and less political German workman
wanted peace, but had no will to power.
There was indeed no fight left in Germany; though I doubt if anyone in
England realises how near the conditions imposed by Paris went to
provoking a desperate appeal to arms. When it became evident that no
mitigation of importance was to be got, every member of the Government
of any character, whether reactionary or radical, resigned; leaving
only men like Landsberg and Erzberger. While the revolutionary
opposition persisted in their refusal to take the responsibility of
signing. When it became obvious that this "Rump" was prepared to sign,
and that the Weimar Assembly would support it in doing so, a military
conspiracy was organised to prevent signature by a _coup d'état_.
Weimar, the week before signature, filled with generals, and small
bodies of Frei-Corps threatened the complaisant Cabinet. But obviously
the coercion of Weimar into refusing signature was not enough, and
would only have resulted in a second revolution rather than a
reaction. The main operation was to have been a march south to Berlin
and Weimar, of the Army of the East in West Prussia. But, at the last
moment, these Frei-Corps refused to move. The better elements of them
had volunteered to defend the frontiers against Poles and Russians,
not to overthrow the National Assembly at the orders of reactionary
generals. The worse elements were ready to fight their own countrymen,
the revolutionaries, given a superiority of ten to one; but had no
stomach for a last ditch defence against the Entente with the odds
reversed. So Landsberg and Erzberger, the Jew and the Jesuit, by
extraordinary and characteristic exertions, secured signature by a
Cabinet of nonentities under the burly and worthy Trades Union boss,
Bauer.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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