Germany -- History -- Revolution, 1918; Germany -- Politics and government -- 1918-1933
In the case of a redistribution of courts, or of circuits, the
judicial administrations of the Lands may compel judges to accept
transference to another bench, or pensions, but only with payment of
full salary. This does not apply to commercial judges, assessors, or
jurors.
ARTICLE 105.
Extraordinary courts are forbidden. Every person has the right to
demand that he be produced before the competent Court. Legal
enactments concerning military courts and courts-martial are not
hereby affected. Military courts of honour are abolished.
ARTICLE 106.
The military judicature shall be abolished except in time of war and
on board men of war. An act of the Realm shall make further provision.
ARTICLE 107.
Administrative courts both in the Realm and Lands shall be set up by
legislation for the protection of the individual against decrees and
ordinances of the administrative authorities.
ARTICLE 108.
An act of the Realm shall set up a Supreme Court for the German Realm.
GERMAN CONSTITUTION
SECOND CHAPTER
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF CITIZENS[34]
SECTION I
THE INDIVIDUAL
ARTICLE 109.[35]
All Germans are equal before the law.
Men and women have, as citizens, fundamentally the same civil rights
and duties.
Public privileges or disadvantages arising out of birth or rank shall
be abolished. Titles of nobility count only as part of a name; they
may no longer be conferred.
Only such titles may be conferred as indicate an office or a
profession; academic rank is not hereby affected.
The State may confer no orders or insignia.
No German may accept titles or orders from a foreign State.[36]
ARTICLE 110.
Nationality of the Realm and of the Lands shall be acquired and lost
as may be regulated by act of the Realm. Every national of a Land is
at the same time a national of the Realm.
Every German has, in every Land, the same rights and duties as the
nationals of that Land.
ARTICLE 111.
All Germans have the right of free movement throughout the Realm.
Every German has the right of staying and of settling in any part of
the Realm he please; he has the right of acquiring property there and
of earning his livelihood. This may only be restricted by act of the
Realm.
ARTICLE 112.
Every German may emigrate to a foreign country. Emigration may only be
restricted by act of the Realm.
All nationals have the right to the protection of the Realm both
within and without the Realm, as against a foreign country.
No German may be handed over to a foreign Government for prosecution
or punishment.[37]
ARTICLE 113.
The foreign speaking parts of the Realm shall not be obstructed,
either legislatively or administratively, in the free development of
their ethnological characteristics, especially in the use of their
mother tongue in educational establishments, in internal
administration and in the administration of justice.
ARTICLE 114.
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