The Government shall, with the consent of the Reichsrat set up Advisory Committees to co-operate in the administration of waterways. ARTICLE 99. No dues may be levied over natural waterways except such as are applied to construction, plant, or other works facilitating communication. They must not exceed, in the case of State or municipal construction, the costs incurred by building and upkeep. Costs incurred by the building and upkeep of works which do not exclusively facilitate communication but are also designed for other purposes, may only be defrayed out of dues levied on shipping pro rata. Interest and sinking-fund for the capital involved are reckoned as part of the cost of construction. This shall apply to dues levied on artificial waterways and on constructions in connection with them or in harbours. In the administration of inland canals shipping dues may be levied on a basis of the total combined costs of a canal, a river, or of a whole waterways system. This shall also apply to floating of constructions on the navigable waterways. The Realm is alone entitled to levy heavier dues on foreign ships and their freights than are levied on German ships and their freights. The Realm is entitled, by legislation, to obtain contributions from users of the waterways by other methods, in order to serve the upkeep and extension of the German waterways system. ARTICLE 100. An act of the Realm may levy part of the cost of upkeep and construction of inland waterways on any person benefiting, otherwise than by navigation, from the construction of dams in cases where more than one Federal State has participated in the costs of construction or where such costs have been borne by the Realm. ARTICLE 101. The Realm shall acquire and administer all marine signals, in particular beacons, light-ships, buoys, and land beacons. When the Realm has taken these over, new marine signals shall not be constructed or extended except by the Realm or with its consent. SECTION VII JUSTICE ARTICLE 102. Judges are independent and subject to the law only. ARTICLE 103. The normal judicature shall be exercised by the Court of the Realm and the Courts of the Lands. ARTICLE 104. Judges of the normal judicature shall be appointed for life. They may not be deposed from their office, either permanently or temporarily, nor may they be transferred to another bench, nor may they be pensioned off against their will, except in consequence of a judicial decision, and then only for the reasons, and in the form, laid down by law. Legislation may fix a retiring age, on reaching which judges must accept a pension. This clause shall not affect suspension from office carried out in virtue of a legal enactment.