A word of explanation seems necessary as to the origin of this work, its design, and the obligations under which it has laid the Editor. The Committee of the Eighty Club requested me some few months ago to undertake the preparation of a book dealing with the Irish question. They did me the honour of leaving entirely to my discretion both the design of the work and the choice of the contributors. Of books about Ireland, particularly of those which wear the livery of political parties, there are enough and to spare. Most of them are retrospective. I am not insensible to the value of a historical argument—as the design of the second part of this book sufficiently attests—but “few indeed,” as Burke has remarked, “are the partisans of departed tyranny,” and it seemed to me more profitable to pay some attention to the present and the future. The restoration to Ireland of her Parliament is an event which not only appeals to the imagination of the historian, but also stimulates the speculation of the jurist, and invites the assistance of the administrator. I have, therefore, attempted in the earlier part of this book to secure a sober and dispassionate study of the new order of government by writers who can speak with the authority of a life’s vocation. Their names need no commendation from me. The second part of the book may be regarded as supplementary to the first, in that it deals with constitutional history. When public men of such distinction as Mr. Balfour can speak of Irish patriotism, in so far as it used a Parliamentary vocabulary, as an exotic, and Irish nationality as a political afterthought, it seems not unimportant to show, as Mrs. J. R. Green and Professor Pollard have here shown, that the title-deeds of that nationality are not the forgeries of a political scriptorium, but are as authentic as anything an Englishman can boast. No one who has served any apprenticeship to Irish history needs to be reminded of the indomitable charm with which Irishmen have always taken captivity captive, and naturalised the alien and the oppressor. No argument for Irish nationality is more potent than this. One may, if one is so perverse, think Bolton pedantic, Molyneux curious, Swift rhetorical, and Grattan forensic, but there is no denying that these Anglo-Irish champions of Irish nationality spoke with a truly native passion. Nor is it a little remarkable that at the eleventh hour history should have repeated itself, and that the heart of the ruling caste should have throbbed, as Lord Dunraven has shown in his remarkable chapter, with a new impulse toward self-government. Grattan’s Parliament, as one may read in Mr. Gooch’s essay, was composed of men of much the same antecedents and prestige as those who are associated with Lord Dunraven in that significant movement of Irish Unionism which has to-day met Nationalism half-way. That Parliament is about to be restored to Ireland under conditions, which, as Lord