Among the more valuable books of biography and reminiscence for this period are R. Ogden, _Life and Letters of Edwin Lawrence Godkin_ (2 vols., 1907); H.E. Scudder, _James Russell Lowell_ (2 vols., 1901); C.E. Norton, ed., _Letters of J.R. Lowell_ (1894); _Reminiscences of James B. Angell_ (1912); J. T. Austen, _Moses Coit Tyler, 1835-1900_ (1911); J.G. Blaine, _Twenty Years of Congress_; E.P. Oberholtzer, _Jay Cooke_; and A.B. Paine, _Th. Nast_ (1904). The Credit Mobilier may best be studied in Rhodes, in J.B. Crawford, _Credit Mobilier of America_ (1880), and in the reports of the committees of Congress that investigated the scandal (42d Congress, 2d Session, House Report no. 77). J.W. Million, _State Aid to Railways in Missouri_ (1896), gives a good view of railroad promotion schemes. F. Carter, _When Railroads were New_ (1909), is a popular summary. In J.R. Commons (ed.), _Documentary History of American Industrial Society_ (10 vols., 1910-), are various documents relating to the Grange, which organization received its classic treatment in E.W. Martin, _History of the Granger Movement_ (1874; his illustrations should be compared with those in J.H. Beadle, _Our Undeveloped West_, in which some of them had originally appeared in 1873). There are numerous economic discussions of the Grange in the periodicals, which may be found through Poole's Indexes, the best work having been done by S.J. Buck. The _Chapters of Erie_ (1869), by C.F. Adams, is a valuable picture of railroad ethics. Much light is thrown upon financial matters by the Annual Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury and J.D. Richardson (ed.), _Messages and Papers of the Presidents_ (10 vols.). CHAPTER V THE HAYES ADMINISTRATION The reelection of Grant in 1872 was almost automatic. No new issue had forced itself into politics to stir up the old party fires or light new ones. The old issues had begun to lose their force. Men ceased to respond when told that the Union was in danger; they questioned or ignored the statement. Many of them contradicted it and voted for Greeley in 1872, but they were impelled to this by repulsion from Republican practice rather than by attraction to Democratic promise. Yet, on the whole, the habit of voting the Union or Republican ticket retained its hold on so many in the North that Grant's second term was insured, and it was even possible that a Republican successor might profit by the same political inertia.