[165] Ex-Chief of General Staff (Ottoman) Ernst Paraquin, in the _Berliner Tageblatt_, January 24, 1920. For Turkish nationalist activities and attitudes during the war, see further I. D. 1199--_A Manual on the Turanians and Pan-Turanianism. Compiled by the Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence Division, Naval Staff, Admiralty_ (London, 1919); E. F. Benson, _Crescent and Iron Cross_ (London, 1918); M. A. Czaplicka, _The Turks of Central Asia: An Inquiry into the Pan-Turanian Problem_ (Oxford, 1918); H. Morgenthau, _Ambassador Morgenthau's Story_ (New York, 1918); Dr. Harry Stuermer, _Two War-Years in Constantinople_ (New York, 1917); A. Mandelstam, "The Turkish Spirit," _New Europe_, April 22, 1920. [166] For Pan-Arab developments, see A. Musil, _Zur Zeitgeschichte von Arabien_ (Leipzig, 1918); M. Pickthall, "Turkey, England, and the Present Crisis," _Asiatic Review_, October 1, 1914; A. Servier, _Le Nationalisme musulman_; Sheick Abd-el-Aziz Schauisch, "Das Machtgebiet der arabischen Sprache," _Preussische Jahrbuecher_, September, 1916. [167] Literally "House of Islam." All non-Moslem lands are collectively known as "Dar-ul-Harb" or "House of War." [168] _I. e._, the organized group of followers of a particular religion. [169] Mohammed Ali, "Le Mouvement musulman dans l'Inde," _Revue Politique Internationale_, January, 1914. He headed the so-called "Khilafat Delegation" sent by the Indian Moslems to England in 1919 to protest against the partition of the Ottoman Empire by the peace treaties. [170] A. Servier, _Le Nationalisme musulman_, p. 181. [171] For Pan-Islamic nationalism, besides Servier and Mohammed Ali, quoted above, see A. Le Chatelier, _L'Islam au dix-neuvieme Siecle_ (Paris, 1888); same author, "Politique musulmane," _Revue du Monde Musulman_, September, 1910; Sir T. Morison, "England and Islam," _Nineteenth Century and After_, July, 1919; G. Demorgny, _La Question Persane_, pp. 23-31 (Paris, 1916); W. E. D. Allen, "Transcaucasia, Past and Present," _Quarterly Review_, October, 1920. [172] _Egyptian White Book_: Collection of Official Correspondence of the Egyptian Delegation to the Peace Conference (Paris, 1919). [173] G. Civimini, in the _Corriere della Sera_, December 30, 1919. [174] Madame Jehan d'Ivray, "En Egypte," _Revue de Paris_, September 15, 1920. Madame d'Ivray cites other picturesque incidents of a like character. See also Annexes to _Egyptian White Book_, previously quoted. These Annexes contain numerous depositions, often accompanied by photographs, alleging severities and atrocities by the British troops. [175] Contained in the press statements previously mentioned. [176] Sir M. McIlwraith, "Egyptian Nationalism," _Edinburgh Review_, July, 1919. See also Hon. W. Ormsby-Gore, "The Future in Egypt," _New Europe_, November 6, 1919. [177] For unfortunate aspects of this delay, see Sir Valentine Chirol, "Conflicting Policies in the East," _New Europe_, July 1, 1920.