Certainly, any extensive spread of Bolshevism in the East would be a terrible misfortune both for the Orient and for the world at large. If the triumph of Bolshevism would mean barbarism in the West, in the East it would spell downright savagery. The sudden release of the ignorant, brutal Oriental masses from their traditional restraints of religion and custom, and the submergence of the relatively small upper and middle classes by the flood of social revolution would mean the destruction of all Oriental civilization and culture, and a plunge into an abyss of anarchy from which the East could emerge only after generations, perhaps centuries. FOOTNOTES: [284] For these early forms of unrest, see A. Le Chatelier, _L'Islam au dix-neuvieme Siecle_, pp. 22-44 (Paris, 1888). [285] D. H. Dodwell, "Economic Transition in India," _Economic Journal_, December, 1910. [286] Bipin Chandra Pal, "The Forces Behind the Unrest in India," _Contemporary Review_, February, 1910. [287] J. Chailley, _Administrative Problems of British India_, p. 339 (London, 1910--English translation). [288] Dr. Ronald Ross, "Wretchedness a Cause of Political Unrest," _The Survey_, 18 February, 1911. [289] A. Yusuf Ali, _Life and Labour in India_, pp. 3, 32 (London, 1907). [290] E. W. Capen, "A Sociological Appraisal of Western Influence on the Orient," _American Journal of Sociology_, May, 1911. [291] P. Khorat, "Psychologie de la Revolution chinoise," _Revue des Deux Mondes_, 15 March, 1912; L. Bertrand, _Le Mirage orientale_, pp. 164-166; J. D. Rees, _The Real India_, pp. 162-163. [292] Albert Metin, _L'Inde d'aujourd'hui: Etude sociale_, p. 276 (Paris, 1918). [293] Albert Metin, _L'Inde d'aujourd'hui: Etude sociale_, pp. 339-345. [294] J. Ramsay Macdonald, _The Government of India_, pp. 133-134 (London, 1920). [295] Georges Foucart. Quoted in _The Literary Digest_, 17 August, 1907, pp. 225-226. [296] A. Van Gennep, _En Algerie_, p. 182 (Paris, 1914). [297] _The Englishman_ (Calcutta). Quoted in _The Literary Digest_, 21 February, 1914, p. 369. [298] For these larger world-aspects of Bolshevik propaganda, see Paul Miliukov, _Bolshevism: An International Danger_ (London, 1920); also, my _Rising Tide of Colour against White World-Supremacy_, pp. 218-221, and my article, "Bolshevism: The Heresy of the Under-Man," _The Century_, June, 1919. [299] See Chapter V. [300] See Chapter VI.