[301] For events in Afghanistan and Central Asia, see Sir T. H. Holdich, "The Influence of Bolshevism in Afghanistan," _New Europe_, December 4, 1919; Ikbal Ali Shah, "The Fall of Bokhara," _The Near East_, October 28, 1920, and his "The Central Asian Tangle," _Asiatic Review_, October, 1920. For Bolshevist activity in the Near and Middle East generally, see Miliukov, _op. cit._, pp. 243-260; 295-297; Major-General Sir George Aston, "Bolshevik Propaganda in the East," _Fortnightly Review_, August, 1920; W. E. D. Allen, "Transcaucasia, Past and Present," _Quarterly Review_, October, 1920; Sir Valentine Chirol, "Conflicting Policies in the Near East," _New Europe_, July 1, 1920; L. Dumont-Wilden, "Awakening Asia," _The Living Age_, August 7, 1920 (translated from the French); Major-General Lord Edward Gleichen, "Moslems and the Tangle in the Middle East," _National Review_, December, 1919; Paxton Hibben, "Russia at Peace," _The Nation_ (New York), January 26, 1921; H. von Hoff, "Die nationale Erhebung in der Tuerkei," _Deutsche Revue_, December, 1919; R. G. Hunter, "Entente--Oil--Islam," _New Europe_, August 26, 1920; "Taira," "The Story of the Arab Revolt," _Balkan Review_, August, 1920; "Voyageur," "Lenin's Attempt to Capture Islam," _New Europe_, June 10, 1920; Hans Wendt, "Ex Oriente Lux," _Nord und Sued_, May, 1920; George Young, "Russian Foreign Policy," _New Europe_, July 1, 1920. [302] Ikbal Ali Shah, _op. cit._ [303] For events in the Caucasus, see W. E. D. Allen, "Transcaucasia, Past and Present," _Quarterly Review_, October, 1920; C. E. Bechhofer, "The Situation in the Transcaucasus," _New Europe_, September 2, 1920; "D. Z. T.," "L'Azerbaidjan: La Premiere Republique musulmane," _Revue du Monde musulman_, 1919; Paxton Hibben, "Exit Georgia," _The Nation_ (New York), March 30, 1921. [304] Sir V. Chirol, "India in Travail," _Edinburgh Review_, July, 1918. Also see H. H. The Aga Khan, _India in Transition_, p. 17 (London, 1918). [305] Ikbal Ali Shah, _op. cit._ CONCLUSION Our survey of the Near and Middle East is at an end. What is the outstanding feature of that survey? It is: Change. The "Immovable East" has been moved at last--moved to its very depths. The Orient is to-day in full transition, flux, ferment, more sudden and profound than any it has hitherto known. The world of Islam, mentally and spiritually quiescent for almost a thousand years, is once more astir, once more on the march. Whither? We do not know. Who would be bold enough to prophesy the outcome of this vast ferment--political, economical, social, religious, and much more besides? All that we may wisely venture is to observe, describe, and analyse the various elements in the great transition.