Arabia, description of natives of, 21; Turks fought by, 23; defeat of, 23; political freedom of, 113; democracy in, 127; nationalist spirit in, 140 _ff._; Turkish rulers opposed by, 140 _ff._; suppression of, 143; 1905 rebellion of, 143; effect of Young-Turk revolution on, 145 _ff._; 1916 revolt of, 146; Pan-Arabism in, 145; religious character of Pan-Arab movement in, 169 _ff._; effect of Great War on, 170, 183 _ff._; Allied encouragement of, 184; peace terms and, 185; English agreement with, 185 _ff._; revolt against Turks of, 185; secret partition of, 185 _ff._; Colonel Lawrence's influence in, 186; secret treaties revealed to, 187; France and England in, 187 _ff._; Mustapha Kemal aided by 194, _ff._; English negotiations with, 198; Bolshevist manifesto to, 292 Arabian National Committee, creation of, 143 Archer William, on over-population in India, 263 Argyll, Duke of, over-population in India, 263 Armenia, Bolshevist manifesto to, 292 Arya Somaj, 208 Atchin War, 41 Azerbaidjan, Bolshevist revolution in, 290 _ff._ Babbist movement in Persia, 274 Baber, Mogul Empire founded by, 204 Baku, Congress of Eastern Peoples at, 291, 297 Balkan War, 57; Mohammedans roused by, 58 Barbary States, French conquest of, 158 Berard, Victor, on the enmity of Turks and Arabs, 141 _ff._; France's Syrian policy criticised by, 199 Bertrand, Louis, anti-Western feeling in Orient described by, 95 _ff._; on social conditions in the Levant, 269, 271 Bevan, Edwyn, nationalist views of, 125 _ff._ Bin Saud, Ikhwan movement led by, 72 Bolshevism, effects on Orient of, 175; Mustapha Kemal aided by, 196 _ff._; the East a field for, 283 _ff._; propaganda of, 284 _ff._, 288 _ff._; Oriental policy of, 285; in Afghanistan, 286 _ff._; manifesto to Mohammedans issued by, 288 _ff._; manifesto to Turks issued by, 289 _ff._; "Congress of Eastern Peoples" held by, 291 _ff._ Bombay, English character of, 100; social conditions in, 270 _ff._ Bose, Pramatha Nath, on economic conditions in India, 245 _ff._ Brahminism, illiberalism of, 120 Brailsford, H. N., on modern industry in Egypt, 236 _ff._; on social conditions in Egypt, 269 _ff._ British East India Company, 205 Bukhsh, S. Khuda, reform work of, 31 _ff._; nationalism in India opposed by, 125 _ff._; on Indian social conditions, 253 _ff._ Caetani, Leone, 63 Cahun, Leon, Turanism and, 163 Cairo, revolt in, 178; modern women in, 258 Calcutta, English character of, 100; social conditions in, 270 Caliphate, Islam strengthened by, 38 _ff._; history of, 39; Turkey the head of, 39 _ff._ Chelmsford, Lord, report of, 216 _ff._ China, Mohammedan insurrection in, 41, 51 _ff._; Mohammedan missionary work in, 50; number of Mohammedans in, 51; Mohammedan agitation in, 60