Yet surely this is much. To view, however empirically, the mighty transformation at work; to group its multitudinous aspects in some sort of relativity; to follow the red threads of tendency running through the tangled skein, is to gain at least provisional knowledge and acquire capacity to grasp the significance of future developments as they shall successively arise. "To know is to understand"--and to hope: to hope that this present travail, vast and ill-understood, may be but the birth-pangs of a truly renascent East taking its place in a renascent world. INDEX Aali Pasha, Pan-Islam agitation of, 54 Abbas Hilmi, Khedive, pro Turkish views of, 155; deposition of, 156; Pan-Arabianism supported by, 170 Abd-el-Kader, French resisted by, 41 Abd-el-Malek Hamsa, Pro-Germanism of, 156 Abd-el-Wahab, Mohammedan revival begun by, 21, 40; birth of, 21; early life of, 22 _ff._; influence of, 22; death of, 22 Abdul Hamid, despotism of, 32; as caliph, 39; Sennussi's opposition to, 39, 46; Djemal-ed-Din protected by, 53 _ff._; Pan-Islam policy of, 53 _ff._; character of, 54 _ff._; government of, 55; deposition of, 56, 119; tyrannical policy of, 116; nationalism opposed by, 139, 165; Arabs conciliated by, 142 _ff._ Abu Bekr 22; policy of, 114 _ff._ Abyssinian Church, Mohammedan threat against, 50 Afghanistan, religious uprisings in, 41; nineteenth-century independence of, 118; Bolshevism in, 286 _ff._; rebellion of, 286_ff._ Africa, Mohammedan missionary work in, 49 _ff._ _See_ also North Africa Agadir crisis, 57 Ahmed Bey Agayeff, Pan-Turanism aided by, 165 Alexandria, massacre of Europeans in, 149 Algeria, French conquest of, 40, 158; Kabyle insurrection in, 41; compulsory vaccination in, 95; liberal political aspirations in, 118 _ff._; need for European government in, 122 Allenby, General, Egypt in control of, 177 Amanullah Khan, Bolshevism of, 286; war on England declared by, 286; present policy of, 298 Anatolia, Bolshevist manifesto to, 292 Anglo-Russian Agreement, terms of, 159 _ff._ Arabi Pasha, Djemal-ed-Din's influence on, 148; revolution in Egypt headed by, 148