Islam, eighteenth-century decadence of, 20 _ff._; revival of, 21; Christian opinions of, 26 _ff._; present situation of, 27 _ff._; agnosticism in, 32 _ff._; fanatics in, 33 _ff._; solidarity of, 37 _ff._; Hajj an aid to, 38 _ff._; caliphate an aid to, 38 _ff._; Western successes against, 40; proselytism of, 48 _ff._; effect of Balkan War on, 58 _ff._; effect of Russo-Japanese War on, 59, 105 _ff._; Western influence on, 75 _ff._; anti-Western reaction of, 88 _ff._; race mixture in, 102 _ff._; tyranny in, 111 _ff._; early equality in, 113 _ff._; political reformation in, 115 _ff._; birth of nationalism in, 137 _ff._; Bolshevist propaganda in, 284 _ff._ _See_ also Pan-Islam Ismael, Hamet, on scepticism among Moslems, 32 Ismael, Khedive, tyrannical policy of, 116; Egypt Europeanized by, 147 _ff._ Italy, Tripoli attacked by, 57; San Remo Treaty opposed by, 190, 193 Japan, Mohammedan missionary work in, 59 _ff._ Jowf, Sennussi stronghold, 45 Kabyle insurrection, 41 Khadjar dynasty, Persian revolution against, 160 Kharadjites, Islamic spirit preserved by, 274 Khartum, capture of, 41 Kheir-ed-Din, attempt to regenerate Tunis made by, 89 Kitchener, Lord, Mahdist insurrection suppressed by, 41; anti-nationalist beliefs of, 122; nationalism in Egypt suppressed by, 153 _ff._ Krishnavarma, S., assassination commended by, 211 Lawrence, Colonel, influence of, 186; Arab-Turk agreement, views of, 194 _ff._; Mesopotamia, views of, 197 Lebanon, France's control of, 184 Lenine, manifesto to Mohammedans issued by, 288 _ff._ Low, Sidney, modern imperialism described by, 86 _ff._; on Egyptian situation, 154 Lyall, Sir Alfred, on Western education in India, 256 _ff._ Lybyer, Professor A. H., democracy in Islam described by, 114, 127 Macdonald, J. Ramsay, on economic conditions in India, 245; on social revolution in India, 280 _ff._ McIlwraith, Sir M., on Egyptian situation, 180 McMahon, Sir Henry, agreement with Arabs made by, 185 _ff._ Madras, English character of, 100 Mahdism, definition of, 42 _ff._ Mahdist insurrection, 42 Mahmud II, Sultan, liberal policy of, 115 Mahmud of Ghazni, India invaded by, 204 Mecca, decadence of, 21; Abd-el-Wahab's pilgrimage to, 22; Saud's subjugation of, 23; Turkish reconquest of, 23; aid to strength of Islam, 38 _ff._; post cards sold at, 251 Medina, decadence of, 21; Abd-el-Wahab's studies at, 22; Saud's subjugation of, 23; Turkish reconquest of, 23; electricity at, 251 Mehemet Ali, army of, 23; Turks aided by, 23; Wahabi defeated by, 23; liberal policy of, 115; Egypt Europeanized by, 147 Mesopotamia, Turkish dominion of, 140; England in, 184 _ff._; rebellion against England of 192 _ff._; denunciation of English policy in, 197; Bolshevists' manifesto issued to, 292 Metin, Albert, on nationalist movement in India, 279 _ff._ Midhat Pasha, liberal movement aided by, 32