[74] For the effect of the West intellectually and spiritually, see Vambery, _op. cit._; Sir Valentine Chirol, _Indian Unrest_ (London, 1910); J. N. Farquhar, _Modern Religious Movements in India_ (New York, 1915); Rev. J. Morrison, _New Ideas in India: A Study of Social, Political, and Religious Developments_ (Edinburgh, 1906); the Earl of Cromer, _Modern Egypt_, especially Vol. II., pp. 228-243 (London, 1908). [75] For the Westernised elites, see L. Bertrand, _Le Mirage Orientale_ (Paris, 1910); Cromer, _op. cit._; A. Metin, _L'Inde d'aujourd'hui: Etude Sociale_ (Paris, 1918); A. Le Chatelier, "Politique musulmane," _Revue du Monde musulman_, September, 1910. [76] Chirol, _op. cit._, pp 321-322. [77] Bertrand, _op. cit._, p 39. See also Bukhsh, _op. cit._; Farquhar, _op. cit._; Morrison, _op. cit._; R. Mukerjee, _The Foundations of Indian Economics_ (London, 1916); D. H. Dodwell, "Economic Transition in India," _Economic Journal_, December, 1910. [78] W. S. Lilly, _India and Its Problems_, p. 243 (London, 1902). [79] Cromer, _op. cit._, Vol. II., p. 231. [80] _Ibid._, p. 228. [81] J. Ramsay Macdonald, _The Government of India_, pp. 171-172 (London, 1920). On the evils of Westernization, see further: Bukhsh, Cromer, Dodwell, Mukerjee, already cited; Sir W. M. Ramsay, "The Turkish Peasantry of Anatolia," _Quarterly Review_, January, 1918; H. M. Hyndman, _The Awakening of Asia_ (New York, 1919); T. Rothstein, _Egypt's Ruin_ (London, 1910); Captain P. Azan, _Recherche d'une Solution de la Question indigene en Algerie_ (Paris, 1903). [82] E. J. Dillon, "Persia," _Contemporary Review_, June, 1910. [83] Ramsay Muir, "Europe and the Non-European World," _The New Europe_, June 28, 1917. [84] The Earl of Cromer, _Political and Literary Essays_, p. 5 (London, 1913). [85] For a full discussion of these changes in Western ideas, see my _Rising Tide of Colour against White World-Supremacy_, especially chaps. vi. and vii. [86] Sidney Low, "The Most Christian Powers," _Fortnightly Review_, March, 1912. [87] On this point see also A. Vambery, _Western Culture in Eastern Lands_ (London, 1906); W. S. Blunt, _The Future of Islam_ (London, 1882); also the two articles by Leon Cahun on intellectual and social developments in the Islamic world during the nineteenth century in Lavisse et Rambaud, _Histoire Generale_, Vol. XI., chap. xv.; Vol. XII., chap. xiv. [88] See A. Vambery, _Der Islam im neunzehnten Jahrhundert_, chap. vi. (Leipzig, 1875). [89] "X," "La Situation politique de la Perse," _Revue du Monde musulman_, June, 1914. As already stated, the editor vouches for this anonymous writer as a distinguished Mohammedan official--"un homme d'etat musulman." [90] Ahmed Emin, _The Development of Modern Turkey as Measured by Its Press_, p. 108 (Columbia University Ph.D. Thesis, New York, 1914).