This new-born deity was destined to become greater than its parent, and to receive adoration in all its many phases. The path of the sun was frequently compared to the life of a man from infancy to old age. Hence the sun was called a _boy_ in the morning, a _youth_ in the midday, and an _old man_ in the evening ([glyphs] _khrud_ "boy", [glyphs] _hunnu_ "youth", [glyphs] _aau_ "old man"). The most common names of the sun, however, which constantly recur on the innumerable Egyptian monuments are [glyphs] _Ra_ and [glyphs] _Tum_, the former representing the sun in all its glory in the morning and at noon, the latter the sun when it has completed [_tum_] its course and leaves the earth in darkness. Thus the inscriptions frequently speak of [glyphs] (_Ra em ubenef_) "Râ when he rises" [whence perhaps the royal title in the stelé of Abusimbel: [glyphs] (_uben_) "the glorious rising sun"], and of [glyphs] (_Tum em hotepef_) "Tum when he sets". [Illustration: The sun-god RA.] The obelisk was erected in honor of the sun in _all_ its phases, both when rising and when about to set. The pyramids, on the other hand, symbolizing the sun after it had set, were always built in the region of darkness and death on the western bank of the Nile, and had only to do with Tum, the setting sun. Here, in the domain {28}of Tum, the bodies of the departed were to rest securely until the light of an eternal morning should wake them again and endow them with the splendor of the rising sun, which also set in the west, entered the lower regions and bowels of the earth or Hades (the Egyptian [glyphs] _A-menti_), and again victoriously left its dark dungeon to break forth in its usual glory. [Illustration: The sun-god TUM.] [Illustration: Kheper, the night-sun: winter solstice.] [Illustration: Ra-Hor-Khuti, the morning-sun: vernal equinox.] [Illustration: Tum, the evening-sun: autumnal equinox.] [Illustration: Horus, the noon-sun: summer solstice.] The various phases of the sun in its passage over the heavens are even represented by pictures on the monuments. The sun of morning is pictured as a hawk-faced deity (Horus) crowned with the snake-encircled disk of the sun, called _Ra-Hor-Khuti_; {29}the sun of noon as the same deity wearing the double crown of Egypt, called _Hor_ or _Hor-Khuti_; the sun of evening as a human-faced deity with the double crown of Egypt, called _Tum_ or _Atum_; and the invisible sun of night as a human-faced deity with the sacred scarab above it, called _Kheper_ or _Ptah-Sokar-Osiris_. These four deities also represented the beginning of the four seasons of the year: the vernal equinox, the summer solstice, the autumnal equinox, and the winter solstice. Some other names and forms under which the sun was worshiped are, besides the above, _Amen-Ra_ (in Thebes), _Sebek-Ra_ (in Ombos), and _Khnum-Ra_ (in Elephantine). [Illustration: Sebek-Ra.] [Illustration: Khnum-Ra.]