Produced by Chris Curnow, Harry Lamé and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) Transcriber’s Notes Text printed in italics in the original work has been transcribed between _underscores_. Bold face text has been transcribed between =equal signs=, small capitals have been replaced by ALL CAPITALS. ^{text} indicates superscript text, [=0] represents a zero with a bar above it. More Transcriber’s Notes may be found at the end of this text. THE NILE IN 1904 BY Sir WILLIAM WILLCOCKS, K.C.M.G., F.R.G.S. LONDON E. & F. N. SPON LIMITED, 57 HAYMARKET. NEW YORK SPON & CHAMBERLAIN, 123 LIBERTY STREET. _=Price 9=s/- =net.=_ PRINTED AT THE NATIONAL PRINTING DEPARTMENT OF EGYPT, CAIRO 1904. _Dedicated to my old Chief and Master in Irrigation, Sir Colin Scott-Moncrieff, K.C.S.I., K.C.M.G., under whom I had the privilege of working for 20 years in India and Egypt._ PREFACE The publication of Sir William Garstin’s monumental work on the “Basin of the Upper Nile” is an event of such importance in the history of the Nile that the occasion should not be lost of bringing Lombardini’s work on the Nile to date. The information utilised by me in this book as far as the Upper Nile is concerned is obtained from Sir William’s Report; for the Blue Nile and Atbara I am indebted to M. Dupuis’ interesting appendix at the end of Sir William’s Report; and for the river north of Khartum to my own studies and surveys. As Sir William employed Capt. H.G. Lyons, R.E. to collaborate with him, the references to the works of previous writers and geographical details may be accepted without any misgivings. To M. Chélu Bey, Director of the Government Press, I am indebted for his ever ready aid; to Mr. Hansard of the Survey Department for the plates accompanying this work; and to Mr H.G.F. Beadnell, F.G.S, F.R.G.S, for having kindly written the description of the Egyptian oases and the geology of Egypt which form the fifth chapter of this book. W. WILLCOCKS. _Cairo, 12-10, 1904._ THE NILE IN 1904. SUBJECT MATTER. CHAPTER I. _The Nile_--(Page 11). 1. Introduction. 2. Nomenclature. 3. Description of the course of the Nile. 4. Slopes and velocities of the Nile in its different reaches. 5. Catchment basins of the Nile and its tributaries. 6. The climate of the Nile valley. 7. The geology of the Nile valley. 8. The discharges of the Nile and its tributaries. CHAPTER II. _The tributaries of the Nile_--(Page 26).