At Khartoum the mean monthly temperature ranges between 34° and 19°, with a mean of 28°. The winds from October to April are from the north and from May to September from the south. In 1902 there were 120 millimetres of rain and in 1903 there were 70. (Table 77). For Alexandria, Cairo and Assuân, representing the Nile valley in Egypt, I have prepared the following table:-- =========+====================+====================+==================== | ALEXANDRIA | CAIRO | ASSUAN +--------------+-----+--------------+-----+--------------+----- MONTH | THERMOMETER |Rain-| THERMOMETER |Rain-| THERMOMETER |Rain- | Centigrade. |fall.| Centigrade. |fall.| Centigrade. |fall. +----+----+----+ +----+----+----+ +----+----+----+ |Max.|Min.|Mean| |Max.|Min.|Mean| |Max.|Min.|Mean| ---------+----+----+----+-----+----+----+----+-----+----+----+----+----- | | | |MILL.| | | |MILL.| | | |MILL. January |25·0| 5·4|24·1| 54 |26·6|-0·7|12·4| 6 |32·5| 4·0|14·8| .. February |29·7| 6·2|14·8| 22 |35·3| 1·2|14·2| 3 |37·0| 5·0|22·0| .. March |37·0| 5·5|16·1| 17 |41·2| 3·2|16·9| 5 |42·0| 8·0|24·3| .. April |38·9|11·0|18·5| 2 |42·6| 5·7|20·9| 2 |46·6|11·0|27·3| .. May |38·9|13·3|21·3| 13 |44·2| 9·0|24·4| 2 |46·0|17·0|29·6| .. June |39·4|13·8|24·0| .. |45·2|13·7|27·3| .. |47·0|20·0|34·2| .. July |37·0|20·5|26·1| .. |44·3|17·4|28·5| .. |46·0|23·0|33·6| .. August |35·0|20·3|26·6| .. |41·6|16·5|27·7| .. |46·0|21·0|35·1| .. September|40·0|18·7|25·6| .. |40·6|14·0|25·3| .. |47·0|17·0|31·0| .. October |37·8|15·0|23·7| 9 |42·1|12·1|23·2| 1 |42·0|18·0|28·7| .. November |32·2|10·8|20·0| 38 |33·6| 3·5|18·1| 6 |40·0|11·0|23·1| .. December |28·9| 6·8|16·0| 80 |29·4| 1·3|14·4| 6 |34·0| 6·0|19·0| .. ---------+----+----+----+-----+----+----+----+-----+----+----+----+----- Year |40·0| 5·5|20·6| 235 |45·2|-0·7|21·1| 31 |47·0| 4·0|26·9| 0 =========+====+====+====+=====+====+====+====+=====+====+====+====+===== From the above table we may conclude that at Alexandria, Cairo and Assuân the absolute maximum thermometers may be taken as 40°, 45° and 47° Centigrade; or 104°, 113°, 116°, Farenheit. The minimum thermometers as 5·5°, -0·7°, 4·0° Centigrade; or 42°, 31°, 39° Farenheit. The rainfall at Alexandria, Cairo and Assuân respectively may be taken as 235, 31, and 0 millimetres; or 9, 1¹⁄₄, and 0 inches. The heaviest rainfall in any individual year at Alexandria and Cairo respectively has been 308 and 55 millimetres; or 12 and 2 inches. The lightest rainfall at Alexandria and Cairo respectively in any individual year has been 108 and 7 millimetres; or 4¹⁄₄ and ¹⁄₄ inches. Assuân is practically rainless. It does rain sometimes at Assuân, but there has been no rain during the last three years while meteorological observations have been taken.