From Fort Berkeley to Bor past Gondokoro on a length of 206 kilometres the Albert Nile falls some 18 metres and has a good velocity and slope, and though the river is divided into two and more channels, it is within its banks and may be considered an ordinary river. The maximum discharge is about 2600 cubic metres per second and the minimum 550. In high floods the river scours out its bed and sides very considerably. The real flat lands begin at Gondokoro a little to the north of Fort Berkeley. The soil is light and sandy and capable of offering little resistance to the stream. Between Gondokoro and Bor the Albert Nile can lose some 30 per cent of its discharge when the river is high and capable of overflowing most of the islands and a great part of the valley. The main channel has a width of about 230 metres and depth of 3 or 4 metres when the discharge is below 600 cubic metres per second and well within banks. The main tributaries of the Albert Nile in this reach are on the east bank, the Kit, second only to the Asua, and the Lokadero; and on the west bank a number of unimportant torrents which however help to swell the river in flood. From Bor to Ghaba Shambe on a length of 196 kilometres, the main stream of the Albert Nile flows between banks lower than those further south and more heavily inundated in flood, with a width of some 60 metres and depth of water of 5 metres. According to Sir William Garstin, the grass swamps end half way down this reach and the papyrus swamps begin. About 10 kilometres to the east of the main stream is another branch known as the Atem river fed by artificially maintained and natural spills from the main stream itself. These spills are kept open by the Dinkas living along the Atem river. They were noted by Werne in 1842. The Atem river at its tail apparently divides into two branches, of which one feeds the Zeraf river and the other returns to the Nile at Ghaba Shambe. Capt. Lyons has pointed out to me that all this course of the river is extraordinarily like the course of the Mississippi south of Vicksburg, with its severe curves and oxrings which correspond to the mayahs of the Albert Nile. Such mayahs or lagoons can be seen in the last 20 kilometres of the Rosetta branch of the Nile. Placed as they are between Bor and Ghaba Shambe, they mean that while south of Bor, the Albert Nile has more or less formed its delta; north of Bor, the delta is in a more embryonic stage, with probably the Atem river the more ancient of the two streams. North of Ghaba Shambe, the Zeraf river leaves the Albert Nile, and fed by the Atem Nile, takes off its water eastwards through marsh and swamp to again tail into the Albert Nile below Lake No. About 30 kilometres further north is the cut made by Sir Samuel Baker to enable him to enter the Albert Nile from the Zeraf river.