Geology -- Egypt; Nile River; Water-supply -- Egypt
From the sources of the Kagera river to the sea, on a length of 6350
kilometres, the Nile falls 2000 metres, or has a slope of ¹⁄₃₂₀₀. From
Lake Victoria to the sea the length is 5535 kilometres and the fall 1129
metres, or the slope is ¹⁄₅₀₀₀.
Table III of Appendix C. gives the velocities of the river in flood and
low supply, in metres per second and kilometres per day, and also the
time occupied in traversing the different reaches. There are two breaks.
The first is at Lake Choga and the second is at Lake Albert. As the
Victoria Nile traverses the eastern arm of the many-armed and peculiar
Lake Choga with a perceptible current, and as, moreover, the lake is
very shallow, we may give some figure to the velocity and make it half
that of the Bahr Gazelle which is ·20 metres per second and is
considered perceptible. With a velocity of ·10 metres per second or 8
kilometres per day, the 80 kilometres of the lake would be traversed in
10 days. The time of traverse from Lake Victoria to Lake Albert would be
15 days. With Lake Albert it is very different. A reference to Plate V
will show that it takes the Victoria Nile 5 months to fill up Lake
Albert before the Albert Nile can carry off the waters of the Victoria
Nile, gauge for gauge. Under these conditions it will be wise to stop at
Lake Albert and begin a new calculation from this lake.
The Albert Nile takes 22 days in flood and 25 days in low supply to
traverse the distance from Lake Albert to the Sobat mouth. The White
Nile takes 21 days in flood and 28 days in low supply to reach
Khartoum. Consequently from Lake Albert to Khartoum we have 43 days in
flood and 53 days in low supply.
From Khartoum to Assuân the Nile takes 11 days in flood and 22 days in
low supply, and consequently from Lake Albert to Assuân we have 54 days
in flood and 75 days in low supply.
From Assuân to Cairo we have 6 days in flood and 12 days in low supply.
Table III is very interesting and well worth study. Through the Sudd
region we have a velocity of ·6 metres per second, but only of ·35
metres per second in the White Nile. In Egypt the Nile in flood has a
velocity of 1·75 metres per second, and in low supply of ·85 metres per
second.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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