The Nile quest : $b a record of the exploration of the Nile and its basinJohnston, Harry
History
The Nile quest : $b a record of the exploration of the Nile and its basin
Johnston, Harry
Nile River
Speke and Grant returned to England in the spring of 1863. By December
in that year Speke had finished his great book, the “Discovery of the
Source of the Nile.” Speke, soon after his return, was received by the
present king. In the autumn of 1863 he was given an ovation in the
county of Somerset worthy of his achievements. “Punch” accorded him
a cartoon drawn by Tenniel, but the British government did _nothing_
for him, unless there can be attributed to its influence the paltry
satisfaction of granting to him through the Heralds College supporters
and an additional motto to his coat of arms. By this grant his family
is now entitled to add a hippopotamus and a crocodile as supporters to
their shield, a crocodile to their crest, the flowing Nile to their
coat of arms, and the additional motto, “Honor est a Nilo.”
[Illustration: THE LAST MAP ISSUED TO ILLUSTRATE SPEKE’S THEORIES,
1865.]
Meantime Burton had become a British consul on the West Coast of
Africa, and was returning to England in 1864. Speke had published
articles in “Blackwood” and a book which, as already related, made
uncomplimentary references to his former companion. The two great
travellers were invited to meet at the British Association at Bath in
1864 and discuss their different views as to the Nile sources; for
Burton, as a tit-for-tat, had published a work in collaboration with
Petherick, in which he sought to prove that Speke’s discovery of the
Victoria Nyanza was unimportant. Taking advantage of the traveller’s
admission that he had touched but seldom the shores of this great
lake, he denied its existence, and reduced it to a mere assemblage of
pools and swamps. Speke, before quitting Baker at Gondokoro, had told
him much of the Luta Nzige or Western Lake which had some connection
with the Nile, and Baker (as will be subsequently set forth) had
followed Speke’s indications with success, and discovered and named
the Albert Nyanza. His exaggeration of the length of this sheet of
water had convinced Burton that Speke was altogether mistaken, and
that he himself was wrong in having earlier stated that the Rusizi
River flowed into and not out of the north end of Tanganyika. (Neither
Speke nor Burton actually saw the Rusizi.) Burton therefore turned
the Rusizi into an effluent of Tanganyika, and made it a connection
between that lake and the Albert Nyanza. Had he had any glimmerings
of lakes Kivu, Albert Edward, and the Semliki, he would no doubt have
been still more certain of his hypothesis. As it was, Speke’s theories
have been shown subsequently to have been very near the whole truth.
The Victoria Nyanza is the main source of the Nile, though that river
finds another reservoir in the great swampy lakes of Kioga and Kwania
(which again receive much of the drainage of Mount Elgon), and a most
important contribution from the Albert Nyanza; for this last lake
is the receptacle of all the drainage of the Ruwenzori snow range.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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