Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives, Abbot Haimo, 170. Saint-Sauveur, convent, 169. Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte, 59. Saint-Valéry-sur-Somme, 75. Saint-Wandrille, 9, 51, 171. St. Alexis, _Life_ of, 184. St. Francis, quoted, 11. St. Gall, Monk of, quoted, 31. St. Ives, 175, 179. St. James, 193. St. Michael, 198. See Mont-Saint-Michel. Saintonge, 63. Saladin, 128. Salerno, 198–200, 205, 222, 232; university, 177, 238. Salutati, 246. Salzmann, L. F., quoted, 91, 109, 118. Saracens, of Syria, 128–31, 192, 212–14; of Sicily, 192, 196, 198 _f._, 208 _f._, 223, 225; of Spain, 192, 195. Savigny, Congregation of, 171, 174. Savoy, 90. Schools, Norman, 175–77. Seine, 7–9; relation to Plantagenet empire, 125, 134 _f._, 139 _f._ Seville, 33. Sheriff, Anglo-Norman, 103–05, 107. ‘Sicilian monarchy,’ 210. Sicily, Normans in, 2–4, 13 _f._, 16, 22–24, 75, 127, 177, 181, 189, 192, 201 _f._, 204, 206–11; Norman kingdom of, 94, 105, 150, 210 _f._, 216, 218–49. Simon, count, 210. Sorel, A., 4, 25; quoted, 7. Spain, 75, 181, 232; schools of, 177, 180, 235; Normans in, 192, 195, 211. Spatz, Wilhelm, 77. Springer, A., quoted, 239. Stamfordbridge, 75. State, beginnings of modern, 93, 233 _f._ Stephen, king, 69, 89, 162, 167. Stubbs, William, 114; quoted, 92 _f._, 102, 121. Syracuse, 209. Tagliacozzo, 221. Taillefer, 79 _f._ Tancarville, 9, 155. Tancred, Crusader, 2, 213–16. Tancred of Lecce, king of Sicily, 220. Taormina, 209. Thibaud, count of Blois, 62. Thierry, abbot of Saint-Évroul, 195. Thomas Brown, 229. Tiglath-Pileser, 17 _f._ Tinchebrai, 89. Touraine, 62, 88, 131, 136. Tournaments, 154–57, 189. Tours, 62, 88, 116, 125, 132, 160, 177. Towns, Norman, 81, 159–64. Translators, Sicilian, 238–40, 246. Trouville, 4. Turks, 130 _f._ Turold, bishop of Bayeux, 185. Urban II, Pope, 210 _f._ Val-des-Dunes, 54, 59. Valognes, 10, 59 _f._ Varaville, 54, 65. Vavassor, 150. Venice, 206, 232. Venosa, 206. Verneuil, 132, 160. Verson, _Conte des vilains_, 158. Vexin, 7, 125, 134. _Vicomte_, 69, 71, 103, 145. Victor III, Pope, 236. Vidal de la Blache, quoted, 7. Vikings, see Northmen. Vire, 10. Vitalis, founder of Savigny, 174. Voltaire, quoted, 86. Wace, 76, 184; quoted, 15. Warfare, mediæval, 68 _f._, 77–79, 133–35, 152–54. Westminster, 56, 95, 136. William the Conqueror, 10, 14, 19, 163, 192; descent, 52; character, 53–59, 83, 85, 188; early years, 59 _f._; relations with Anjou and Maine, 61–63; with France, 63–65; Normandy under, 66–72, 106, 151 _f._; relations with the church, 71 _f._, 165, 186–88; invasion of England, 73–75; battle of Hastings, 76–80; crowned king, 81; death, 58, 117. William Rufus, king of England, 89, 212.