The Norse discoverers of America : $b the Wineland sagas translated & discussedGathorne-Hardy, G. M. (Geoffrey Malcolm)
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The Norse discoverers of America : $b the Wineland sagas translated & discussed
Gathorne-Hardy, G. M. (Geoffrey Malcolm)
America -- Discovery and exploration -- Norse
What was apparently in the minds of those who made the conjecture
referred to was a passage in Landnáma (i. 22) which tells how one Ari
Marsson was driven by storms to ‘Hvítramannaland, which some call
Ireland the Great; it lies westward in the ocean near Wineland the
Good: it is called six days’ (dægra) sail west from Ireland: Ari did
not succeed in getting away from thence, and he was baptized there.
This story was first told by Rafn the Limerick-farer, who had been long
at Limerick in Ireland. Thorkel Gellison (uncle of Ari the Learned)
stated that Icelanders say, who had heard it from (Earl) Thorfin in the
Orkneys, that Ari had been recognized in Hvítramannaland, and did not
succeed in getting away from it, but was held in great honour there.’
In the Eyrbyggja Saga a similar story is told, though the name of the
strange country is omitted, of one Björn Asbrandsson, who was cast in
the same way upon a land to the south-west of Ireland, where he was
subsequently recognized by an Icelander named Gudleif Gudlaugson. This
story does not appear to me sufficiently relevant to the subject in
hand to warrant more detailed notice, though the curious will find
ample mention of it in other works on the Wineland question.
Apart from the irrelevance of these stories, those familiar with
the laws of evidence will doubtless agree that lands where a hero
is said to have made his final disappearance, reported as they must
necessarily be on hearsay testimony, are on a very different footing
from countries whose explorers returned to describe them in person.
The only value—either one way or the other—of this passage from
Landnáma lies in the mention of Wineland the Good as a place known and
acknowledged to exist at a period long antecedent to the date of any
extant manuscript of these voyages. The proximity of Hvítramannaland
to Wineland is presumably a conjecture by the authors of Landnáma,
who would naturally tend to connect with one another any unknown lands
reported in a westerly direction. It seems to me highly improbable that
Wineland found any mention in the original story told by Rafn from
Limerick. At any rate, no one can be justified in basing an argument on
the assumption that it did, as does Dr. Nansen,[91] when he says, in
support of his argument that the Celtic imagination has played a large
part in corrupting the traditions of Wineland, ‘Ravn must have heard of
both Hvítramannaland and Wineland in Ireland, since otherwise he could
not have known that one lay near the other.’
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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