The Norse discoverers of America : $b the Wineland sagas translated & discussedGathorne-Hardy, G. M. (Geoffrey Malcolm)
History
The Norse discoverers of America : $b the Wineland sagas translated & discussed
Gathorne-Hardy, G. M. (Geoffrey Malcolm)
America -- Discovery and exploration -- Norse
This estimate is corroborated to some extent by the scale of Icelandic
sea-miles (vikur) given in Troil’s _Letters on Iceland_ (1780), where
they are represented as nine to a degree or equal to 6⅔ miles each.
Exact correspondence is of course not to be expected in standards of
measurement arrived at by so rough a method as the time occupied on an
average voyage.
Another ‘tylft’ capable of measurement is that given in the Greenland
sailing directions attributed to Ivar Bardson. Here the distance so
described is that between Reykjanes (lat. 63° 24′ N., long. 22° 40′
W.) and Snæfellsnes (lat. 64° 55′ 30″ N., long. 23° 59′ 40″ W.).
Calculation gives the length of a rhumb-line between the two points as
73.54 miles, according to which a ‘vika’ would be about 6.12 miles,
which once more justifies the assumption that something over six rather
than five miles must be the correct measurement of this unit.
If the line of reasoning has been correct so far, it follows that
the average rate of speed on an Icelandic voyage under favourable
conditions would be something over six knots. The next thing to
ascertain is the highest speed possible under exceptionally favourable
circumstances. Fortunately this point is also capable of determination.
It is unnecessary, and probably misleading, to enter, as Mr. Babcock
does, into calculations based on the speed of modern ships. In the saga
of Olaf the Saint (see this saga in _Heimskringla_, §125), one Thorar
Nefjolfson accomplished what was evidently regarded as a remarkable
feat by sailing from Norway (Moeri) to Eyrarbakki in Iceland in the
space of four days and four nights. There is in this case no ambiguity
about the meaning of eight ‘dægra’, the period recorded, for Thorar
himself refers to the fact that four nights previously he was with
the King in Norway. The starting-point may safely be taken as Stad,
which lay in the Söndmöre district, since we know from other sources
that it was the usual place of departure for Iceland, as indeed its
geographical position at the extremity of the westerly trend of the
coast-line from Trondhjem would render inherently probable. The
geographical position of Stad is 62° 11′ N., 5° 8′ E. The distance to
Eyrarbakki (63° 51′ 45″ N., 21° 7′ W.) round the most southern point of
Iceland (63° 23′ 45″ N., 19° 5′ 5″ W.) comes in round figures to about
730 nautical miles. This would represent a rate of about 7·6 knots,
and though this is probably too little, as the course can hardly have
been so direct and we know neither the precise place of departure nor
the exact times of start and finish, we shall be safe in assuming that
anything appreciably over eight knots was beyond the extreme powers of
an Icelandic vessel.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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