The Norse discoverers of America : $b the Wineland sagas translated & discussedGathorne-Hardy, G. M. (Geoffrey Malcolm)
History
The Norse discoverers of America : $b the Wineland sagas translated & discussed
Gathorne-Hardy, G. M. (Geoffrey Malcolm)
America -- Discovery and exploration -- Norse
reasons the distance given in Landnáma between the two points seems
to me to be a correct statement, but ‘dægra sigling’ must here be
interpreted as days of twenty-four hours.
Similarly in the case of the voyage from Reykjanes to Jolduhlaup in
Ireland. This cannot by any means be brought within the space of five
‘dægra’ of twelve hours each. Approximately the nearest points in
Ireland may be taken as about 688 miles distant. Malin Head in the
north and Erris Head in the west of Ireland are almost equidistant
from Reykjanes, the former being some 685, the latter 690 miles from
the starting-point. There is no real reason to suppose that any point
in Ireland so near to Iceland is the true position of Jolduhlaup. It
is evident on the other hand that a very few more miles will make the
distance recorded perfectly consistent with five days of twenty-four
hours. If we bring our ship into Sligo Bay the distance will be 718·6
miles, or ten ‘tylfts’ of 71·8. This would be perfectly consistent with
the standards of distance already considered, but of course Jolduhlaup
may easily have lain even farther away than this from Reykjanes. The
name is generally taken to mean ‘wave-run’, and is sometimes spelt
Olduhlaup. Joyce[93] attributes a Scandinavian origin to the name of
Olderfleet close to Larne Harbour, and as ‘hlaup’ and ‘fljót’ are both
common terminations meaning ‘stream’, this word in an Icelandic form
(Oldufljót) would be practically identical with Olduhlaup. The author
above quoted says that the first part of Olderfleet is a Scandinavian
corruption of Ollorbha, the Celtic name of Larne water, but whether the
true derivation be from this word or ‘oldu’ a wave is a question which
applies equally to Olderfleet and Jolduhlaup and affords no ground of
distinction between them. As far as names are concerned the two may
well be identical. Larne would be the first important harbour after
entering the North Channel between Scotland and Ireland, and may well
have been chosen therefore as a well-known point for the measurements
in Landnáma. From Reykjanes to Rathlin Island off the entrance of
the North Channel is about 713 miles, thence to Larne would be about
thirty-seven more, making a distance, if there be anything in this
conjecture, of some 750 miles to be covered in the five ‘dægra’—ten
‘tylfts’ of seventy-five miles, which corresponds exactly with our
amended table.
It has been objected that some of the MSS. do not read ‘five dægra’;
this is true, but the alternative (three dægra) does not help those who
contend for a twelve hours ‘dægr’, while even if we adopt the arbitrary
emendation of the version printed at Skalholt in 1688 and read ‘eight
dægra’, the rate of travel, even to the nearest point, would be too
rapid to be normal. We have therefore once more a statement remarkably
consistent with our data if we interpret a ‘dægr’ as twenty-four hours,
and wholly impossible if a ‘dægr’ must universally be considered as
only twelve.
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