The Norse discoverers of America : $b the Wineland sagas translated & discussedGathorne-Hardy, G. M. (Geoffrey Malcolm)
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The Norse discoverers of America : $b the Wineland sagas translated & discussed
Gathorne-Hardy, G. M. (Geoffrey Malcolm)
America -- Discovery and exploration -- Norse
It is astonishing to find that Storm and his school prefer the courses
set out in the rival version, and seem to evince great difficulty in
making anything of the Flatey Book’s geography. They even say that the
latter conveys to them the idea of a coast facing north or north-east.
How this is arrived at it is difficult to see. When Bjarni turned in a
north-easterly direction to search for a way home, we are told that he
‘left the land on the port side’. This clearly indicates that the coast
lay to the north of him and faced south, trending away to the north
in a little while so as to disappear from sight. So again Thorvald
from his base in Wineland can go east or west, but to reach ‘the more
northerly part of the country’ he has first to turn east. This conveys
the same idea as Bjarni’s voyage, a south-facing coast, turning to the
north at its eastern extremity. True, there is a word in this voyage
which seems to imply an easterly course after leaving Keelness; this
will be discussed later, but in any case, if it had to be rejected, it
would not justify the views expressed by Storm and his followers as to
the Flatey Book’s geography as a whole.
_The Stranded Whale._
I have incorporated the rival version of Karlsefni’s voyage in the
story as I have rendered it, as the differences are but small, and the
version adopted is less condensed and therefore fuller of information.
I will however give an instance to show that here also the Flatey
version is the more likely to be accurate. Undoubtedly the oldest parts
of the text of either authority are the verses ascribed to Thorhall
the Hunter in the saga adopted by Hauk. These are admitted by the most
exacting critics to bear all the indications of a date corresponding
with their ascribed origin. Even Dr. Nansen allows their genuineness.
Now it will probably have struck the careful reader that the second of
these two poems bears no sort of relation to its context. The verses,
either expressly or by necessary implication, convey the following
facts:
1. They are the utterance of a person who is leaving the New World
behind, to return to his own country.
2. Those whom he is leaving behind him are at Furdustrands.
3. These people are satisfied with a diet of boiled whale, which the
poet considers unattractive.
The text, on the other hand, conveys a totally different set of facts:
1. The verses are composed by a person who is proposing to coast
northwards in search of Wineland.
2. The explorers are at Straumsfjord, far to the south of Furdustrands,
and the main body are proposing to go even further away from that
locality. (I do not, however, attach much importance to this
discrepancy, believing as I do that the name Furdustrands was applied
broadly to a large district in which Straumsfjord may well have been
included.)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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