The Norse discoverers of America : $b the Wineland sagas translated & discussedGathorne-Hardy, G. M. (Geoffrey Malcolm)
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The Norse discoverers of America : $b the Wineland sagas translated & discussed
Gathorne-Hardy, G. M. (Geoffrey Malcolm)
America -- Discovery and exploration -- Norse
As Dr. Storm has pointed out in the preface to his excellent edition
of the Saga of Eric the Red, the Flatey narrative contains an
extraordinary number of direct voyages between Greenland and Norway.
Apart from Bjarni Herjulfson, there is first Karlsefni’s arrival,
which is here stated to be from Norway; there is his return, direct to
Norway, where he sells his ‘húsa-snotra’ to a German from Bremen; and
finally there is the arrival of the brothers, Helgi and Finnbogi, from
Norway, in the story of Freydis’s expedition.
Now Dr. Storm sees in all this merely an additional count in his
indictment against the Flatey Book. This talk of direct voyages between
Greenland and Norway smacks of the days of the royal monopoly; Germans
from Bremen suggest a date subsequent to the establishment of the
Hanseatic League in Bergen. I think these anachronisms are established
with some degree of certainty; but it also occurs to me that the
mistake is more suggestive of a Greenland than an Icelandic source.
It is difficult to suppose that the infrequent ships which sailed to
Greenland under the royal monopoly in the thirteenth and fourteenth
centuries did not in fact call at Iceland, which lay directly in their
track. If they did so, they would not suggest to an Icelander the idea
of direct voyages between Norway and Greenland; if they did not, they
would not be present to the Icelandic mind at all. To a Greenlander of
about the period of the Flatey Book’s composition, or even earlier, any
ship which arrived off Greenland would, on the other hand, be ‘a ship
from Norway’; i.e. a ship bringing his necessary supplies from the only
available source. And, as the original sagas handed down to him would
hardly be concerned very much with the origin or destination of the
ships which came to Greenland, the error of introducing Norway might
easily creep in.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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