The Norse discoverers of America : $b the Wineland sagas translated & discussedGathorne-Hardy, G. M. (Geoffrey Malcolm)
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The Norse discoverers of America : $b the Wineland sagas translated & discussed
Gathorne-Hardy, G. M. (Geoffrey Malcolm)
America -- Discovery and exploration -- Norse
However this may be, the identification of the wild corn will always
be an insoluble problem. The older commentators on these sagas used to
consider that maize was indicated, but this is not, properly speaking,
a wild plant, and moreover bears singularly little resemblance to any
European cereal. The later school mostly identifies the corn of the
sagas with wild rice, but this is open to the objection that it is an
aquatic plant. On the whole, therefore, while I think the discovery of
the vine is indisputable, and was the cause rather than the effect of
any trace of the influence of the legends of the Insulae Fortunatae to
be met with in the sagas, I confess, in spite of the coincidence of the
reports of later explorers, to regarding the corn as a more difficult
problem.
In any case it seems to me that the absence of all mention of wild
corn in the Flatey Book version has a most significant bearing on Dr.
Nansen’s argument. For in practically all references to the Fortunate
Islands the corn and the vines are so closely connected that a borrower
from such sources could hardly take the one without the other.
E.g. Horace, _Epodes_, xvi. 41:
‘Beata
petamus arva, divites et insulas;
reddit ubi _Cererem_ tellus inarata quotannis,
et imputata floret usque _vinea_’;
and Isidore, _Etymologiarum_ xiv. 6:
‘Fortuitis _vitibus_ iuga collium vestiuntur; ad herbarum vicem
_messis_.’
The existence, therefore, of a circumstantial account of Wineland,
which contains no mention of wild corn, makes any derivative connexion
between the descriptions of this country and the Insulae Fortunatae,
apart from all other difficulties, exceedingly improbable.
_Celtic Legends._
When we turn to the other features of the saga, we find Dr. Nansen
displaying even greater resource and ingenuity in finding parallels in
the folk-lore of other lands. The argument from analogy is proverbially
untrustworthy, but it is at the same time rather difficult to combat
effectively where, as in the present case, it is impossible to set
out the full number of alleged resemblances with which Dr. Nansen’s
industry in research has provided him. Samples are open to the charge
of unfair selection. I should doubt, for example, whether even Dr.
Nansen himself, though he emphasizes the parallel with a marginal
heading, can attach any real importance to such an instance as the
following:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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