The North Americans of Antiquity: Their origin, migrations, and type of civilization consideredShort, John T. (John Thomas)
History
The North Americans of Antiquity: Their origin, migrations, and type of civilization considered
Short, John T. (John Thomas)
Indians -- Origin; Indians of Mexico -- Antiquities; Indians of North America -- Antiquities
with its starting-point so indefinitely located, is meaningless and
confusing, and so far as the reader is concerned, practically begins
nowhere and ends in nothing. At Tulancingo they remained eighteen
years, living in a house sufficiently large to accommodate them all.
Their knowledge of architecture must have been quite advanced to have
enabled them to construct such an edifice. The third year after their
arrival at Tulancingo, marked a Toltec age of 104 years from the time
they left their home in Hue hue Tlapalan. Finally, eighteen years
having elapsed, they transferred the capital to Tollan, afterwards the
centre of the Toltec empire. Tollan is stated to have been eastward
of Tulancingo (in all probability a mistake).[386] In this migration
we have a distance of 1150 leagues traversed; the first two moves,
aggregating 130 leagues, is in an unknown direction; the next advance
is 100 leagues in an easterly direction, according to one author, and
westerly according to another; however, it is agreed that the point
was on the sea-shore. The next move of 100 leagues is still along the
sea-shore, but the direction is not stated. We then have two advances
amounting to 180 leagues, in an easterly direction. The confusion
is completed in the following advances, aggregating 460 leagues in
unknown directions. Of the remaining 180 leagues, 100 were traveled in
a northern direction, while the remaining 80 leagues were taken toward
an unknown quarter. It is quite plain to any one, that the distances
traversed in the directions stated could not be traced consistently
with the geography of Mexico and Central America, upon the assumption
that Tamoanchan and Hue hue Tlapalan are identical and situated in the
Rio Usumacinta region. The itinerary would carry the emigrants far
out upon the Gulf of Mexico. It is evident that a broader territory
than that of Southern Mexico and Central America is required for the
realization of such distances. The account of the migration is no doubt
faulty; but even if we disregard the gaps, it presents insuperable
difficulties when applied to the South-Mexican region. It is manifest
that Sahagun and Ixtlilxochitl refer to different migrations. The
former to the Olmecs, who came by sea to Pánuco and thence to Tabasco,
from which they migrated north to Teotihuacan. The latter narrates the
wanderings of the Toltecs who subsequently came into Mexico by land.
If this distinction is borne in mind, much of the obscurity attending
the subject is cleared away. We are inclined to think that the accounts
of the two distinct migrations have become confused, and the details
of one substituted for the details of the other. Every one familiar
with the study of traditional histories is aware of this danger, or
even more, this tendency among semi-civilized peoples. No better
illustration of this fact can be presented than the sad confusion which
has been wrought by nearly every writer who has attempted to describe
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