The Aborigines — Antiquity of the Red Indian — The Mound-builders — Geographical Distribution of Mound-works — Frontier Defences of the Mound-builders — Michigan Mounds — Mounds in the North-west — On the Upper Missouri — In Dakota — Animal Mounds of Wisconsin — Elephant Mound — Discoveries at Davenport, Iowa — Davenport Tablet — Heart of the Mound-builder Country — Cahokia — Resemblances to Mexico — St. Louis and Cincinnati Works — Cincinnati Tablet — Works in Ohio — Fortified Places — Fort Ancient — Signal Systems — Works at Newark — The Ohio Valley — Explorations in Tennessee — Burial in Stone Coffins — Mound Colonies in the South-east — Mr. Anderson’s Calendar Stone — Mounds of the Lower Mississippi Valley — Seltzertown Mound — Alabama and Georgia Mounds — Pyramid of Kolee-Mokee — Explorations in Missouri — Sun-dried Bricks — Remains in the South-west — Direction of the Migration — Architectural Progress — Altar Mounds — Mounds of Sepulture — Ancient Copper Mines — Astronomical Knowledge. CHAPTER II. ANTIQUITY OF MAN ON THE WESTERN CONTINENT. Antiquity of the Mounds — No Tradition of the Mound-builders — Vegetation Covering the Mounds — Age of Mound Crania — Probable Date of the Abandonment of the Mounds — Ancient Shell-heaps — Man’s Influence on Nature — Supposed Testimony of Geology — Agassiz on the Floridian Jaw-bone — Remains on Santos River — The Natchez Bone — Remains on Petit Anse Island — Brazilian Bone caves — Dr. Koch’s Pretended Discoveries — Ancient Hearths — Age of the Mississippi Delta — Dr. Dowler’s Discovery at New Orleans — Dr. Abbott’s Discoveries in New Jersey — Discoveries in California — Inter-Glacial Relics in Ohio — Crania from Mounds in the North-west — No Evidences as yet Discovered Proving Man’s Great Antiquity in America. CHAPTER III. DIVERSITY OF OPINION AS TO THE ORIGIN OF THE ANCIENT AMERICANS. Conflict of Discovery and Dogmatism — Arabic Learning in the VIIIth Century — Spirit of the Early Writers on America — Common Opinion as to the Origin of the Americans — Father Duran — Lost Tribes of Israel — Garcia — Lascarbot — Villagutierre — Torquemada — Pineda, etc. — Abbé Domenech — Modern Views — Pre-Columbian Colonization — Plato’s Atlantis — Kingsborough — The “Book of Mormon” — Phœnicians — George Jones — Greek and Egyptian Theories — The Tartars — Japanese and Chinese Theories — Fusang — The Mongol Theory — Traces of Buddhism — White-Man’s Land — The Northmen — The Welsh Claim. CHAPTER IV. ORIGIN OF THE AMERICANS AS VIEWED FROM THE STANDPOINT OF SCIENCE.