The “East Mesa” is seen in the right distance whereon are the three villages of—left to right—Walpi, Cichumovi, Tewa. The dressing of the hair is Navajo, as well as the turban, the model’s uncle being Navajo but a Moki citizen From a drawing by the author Permission of the Century Co. ] The Navajos carve moulds for their silver casting in sandstone, and it seems likely that some of the so-called stone tablets, inscribed with figures that are not clearly defined, may have been nothing more than moulds, in those regions, at least, where it is known that copper or other metals were worked.[241] The spindle and loom, which belong among the implements and tools enumerated here, have already been described in connection with weaving and they will now be passed by. The tools used in metal working will be mentioned in a following chapter. [Illustration: SHELL SPOON, MISSISSIPPI VALLEY] Household utensils were made of various materials, of which earthenware, as noted in the chapter on Pottery, was one of the chief. There were also trays, boxes, buckets, and cups of wood. Others were of whalebone, sealskin, soapstone, and ivory. Spoons were made from the horns of the mountain sheep, from those of goats, and from bison horns. Some of these spoons, made of horn by the North-west coast Amerinds, are elaborately carved and polished. Clam, oyster, conch, and turtle shells also served for ladles and spoons. Drinking cups, dippers, water-bottles, and other vessels were made of gourds. Metallic cups or pots have not been found antedating the arrival of the Spaniards. Soapstone vessels, as well as earthenware, were made and used in the Atlantic region; soapstone by the Eskimo. Quarries exist where the material was obtained, especially in the Chesapeake-Potomac tidewater region. Special pick-like stone tools were made for cutting out these pots and masses. The Eskimo, who once ranged down as far as the mouth of the Hudson and possibly farther, may have originally opened up some of these quarries. [Illustration: PUEBLO MOUNTAIN SHEEP-HORN SPOON.] [Illustration: MENOMINEE WOODEN MORTAR AND PESTLE]