The North-Americans of yesterday : $b a comparative study of North-American Indian life, customs, and products, on the theory of the ethnic unity of the raceDellenbaugh, Frederick Samuel
History
The North-Americans of yesterday : $b a comparative study of North-American Indian life, customs, and products, on the theory of the ethnic unity of the race
Dellenbaugh, Frederick Samuel
Indians of Mexico; Indians of North America
In the Zuñi country, still existed a few years ago, if it does not
to-day, a primitive astronomical station. It is a rude little structure
containing an erect slab of sandstone adorned with the circular face of
the sun, and it is used, as it was long ago, for determining the Zuñi
chronology.
The Aztec year had eighteen months of twenty days each and that of the
Mayas was the same. The Maya week had thirteen days, and the days were
counted from one to thirteen continuously throughout the year—that
is, each month did not begin with 1 but with whatever number happened
to fall on that day; it might be 2 or 5 or 8 or 13 or in fact any
number up to 13. The eighteen months gave them only 360 days, but
they intercalated at the end of each year the five days necessary to
round it out. At least so the early Spanish writers state, though
Thomas, who has given close attention to this subject, has said that
he felt doubtful on that point.[276] Prescott states without question,
concerning the Aztecs: “Five complementary days, as in Egypt, were
added, to make up the full number of three hundred and sixty-five. They
belonged to no month and were regarded as peculiarly unlucky. A month
was divided into four weeks of five days each.”[277]
[Illustration: SMALL METAL FIGURE, CHIRIQUI
Copper-gold alloy
]
The six hours over the 365 days which we make up in our leap year the
Aztecs allowed to run to the end of their fifty-two year cycle, when
they intercalated it all at one time, the actual period being twelve
and one half days. This brought them “within an almost inappreciable
fraction,” says Prescott, “to the exact length of the tropical year, as
established by the most accurate observations.”[278] The Aztecs had
a second calendar used by the priests for keeping their own records
and making their own calculations, and doubtless the Maya had the same
practice.
The Cakchiquel year consisted of 366 days. That of the Maya was 365.
The former, therefore, says Goodman, “could have no fixed date for its
beginning, relative to solar or terrestrial phenomena, but must revolve
regularly through the seasons.... The year might begin at the summer
or the winter solstice, at the vernal or the autumnal equinox, or any
other period.”[279]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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