The parallel of 78° to 78½° is, on the whole, the most productive
fishing-station. The interval between this parallel and 80°, or any
other situation more remote, is called the “northward,” and any
situation in a lower latitude than 78° is called the “southward.”
Though the 79th degree affords whales in the greatest abundance,
yet the 76th degree affords them, perhaps, more generally. In this
latter situation a very large kind of the mysticetus is commonly
to be found, throughout the season, from April to July inclusive.
Their number, however, is not often great; and as the situation in
which they occur is unsheltered, and, consequently, exposed to heavy
swells, the southern fishery is not much frequented. The parallel
of 77° to 77½° is considered a “dead latitude” by the fishers, but
occasionally it affords whales also.
From an attentive observation of facts, it would appear that
various tribes of the mysticetus inhabit different regions, and
pursue various routes on their removal from the places where first
seen. These tribes seem to be distinguished by a difference of age
or manners, and, in some instances, apparently by one of species
or subspecies. The systematical movements of the whales receive
illustration from many well-known facts. Sometimes a large tribe,
passing from one place to another, which, under such circumstances,
is denominated a “run of fish,” has been traced in its movements, in
a direct line from the south towards the north, along the seaward
edge of the western ice, through a space of two or three degrees
of latitude; then it has been ascertained to have entered the ice,
and penetrated to the northward beyond the reach of the fishers. In
certain years, it is curious to observe, that the whales commence a
simultaneous retreat throughout the whole fishing limits, and all
disappear within the space of a very few days.
Having now mentioned, generally, the principal places resorted to by
the whales in the Spitzbergen seas, it will, possibly, be interesting
to such as are in any way concerned in the fishery, to notice more
distinctly their favourite haunts under particular circumstances.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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