979 Ethelred the Unready, King of England 985 Olaf Trygveson raids in the West and England. Sweyn Fork-beard becomes King of Denmark. 988 He marries Gyda, a sister of Olaf Cuaran. He is baptised in the Scilly Isles 993 Bambrough stormed 994 Olaf Trygveson and Sweyn Fork-beard are driven back from London. Olaf promises never again to fight with England 995 Earl Hakon slain; Olaf Trygveson becomes king of Norway 1000 He dies at battle of Svold 1002 Massacre of the Danes on St Brice’s Day 1004 Sweyn Fork-beard burns Norwich 1009–10 England ravaged by the Danes 1010 Siege of London and battle of Hringmara Heath 1013 Sweyn Fork-beard, King of England (_d._ 1014) 1014 Battle of Clontarf in Dublin. Ethelred II. goes to Normandy 1015 Reign of St Olaf in Norway (_d._ 1030) 1016 Death of Ethelred II. Reign of Edmund Ironside. Battle of Assandun and division of England between Edmund and Canute. 1017 Canute sole King of England 1028 Canute subjugates Norway 1030 Battle of Stiklestad and death of St Olaf 1030 Sweyn, Canute’s son, King of Norway (_d._ 1035) 1035 Magnus the Good, King of Norway (_d._ 1047) 1037 Harald, Canute’s son, King of England 1040 Hardacanute, King of England (_d._ 1042) 1043 Edward the Confessor, King of England 1065 Harold, Godwin’s son, consecrated king 1066 Battle of Stamford Bridge 1066 Battle of Hastings FOOTNOTES [1] Ethelwerd’s Chronicle, A.D. 786 (_recté_ 787). [2] Saxo’s Danish annals speak of Hame, the father of Ælla, as King of Northumbria (see p. 18), but he is unknown to the English Chronicles. [3] This is the account of Saxo; the Norse accounts differ from him as to the district over which Ragnar ruled. [4] The Northern chronicles here throw much light on the internal affairs of Northumbria, which are only briefly dealt with in the English chronicles. But the general outline of events fits well into the English account. [5] _i.e._ the horns from which the ale was quaffed, made from the branching or curved antlers of reindeer or ox. [6] _i.e._ “the Wanderer,” another name for Woden. [7] _i.e._ his sons, the children of Aslaug, his second wife. [8] _i.e._ the sword of Woden. The prophecy was shortly afterwards fulfilled, for Lodbrog’s sons returned to Northumbria, dethroned Ælla, and put him to a cruel death. [9] _i.e._ the High Gods, who dwelt in Valhalla, or the home of the immortals. [10] The great province of Northumbria extended from the Humber to the Firth of Forth. [11] The English Chronicle, dating his rule in Normandy from this, his first expedition thither, gives him a reign of fifty years; he actually reigned from 911–927 A.D. (see p. 110). [12] In hot weather a tent was erected over the boat.