Butler, Samuel, 1835-1902 -- Notebooks, sketchbooks, etc.
A little while ago no one would admit that animals had intelligence.
This is now conceded. At any rate, then, vegetables had no intelligence.
This is being fast disputed. Even Darwin leans towards the view that
they have intelligence. At any rate, then, the inorganic world has not
got an intelligence. Even this is now being denied. Death is being
defeated at all points. No sooner do we think we have got a _bona fide_
barrier than it breaks down. The divisions between varieties, species,
genus, all gone; between instinct and reason, gone; between animals and
plants, gone; between man and the lower animals, gone; so, ere long, the
division between organic and inorganic will go and will take with it the
division between mind and matter.
The Super-Organic Kingdom
As the solid inorganic kingdom supervened upon the gaseous (vestiges of
the old being, nevertheless, carried over into and still persisting in
the new) and as the organic kingdom supervened upon the inorganic
(vestiges of the old being, again, carried over into and still persisting
in the new) so a third kingdom is now in process of development, the
super-organic, of which we see the germs in the less practical and more
emotional side of our nature.
Man, for example, is the only creature that interests himself in his own
past, or forecasts his future to any considerable extent. This tendency
I would see as the monad of a new regime—a regime that will be no more
governed by the ideas and habits now prevailing among ourselves than we
are by those still obtaining among stones or water. Nevertheless, if a
man be shot out of a cannon, or fall from a great height, he is to all
intents and purposes a mere stone. Place anything in circumstances
entirely foreign to its immediate antecedents, and those antecedents
become non-existent to it, it returns to what it was before they existed,
to the last stage that it can recollect as at all analogous to its
present.
Feeling
Man is a substance, he knows not what, feeling, he knows not how, a rest
and unrest that he can only in part distinguish. He is a substance
feeling equilibrium or want of equilibrium; that is to say, he is a
substance in a statical or dynamical condition and feeling the passage
from one state into the other.
Feeling is an art and, like any other art, can be acquired by taking
pains. The analogy between feelings and words is very close. Both have
their foundation in volition and deal largely in convention; as we should
not be word-ridden so neither should we be feeling-ridden; feelings can
deceive us; they can lie; they can be used in a non-natural, artificial
sense; they can be forced; they can carry us away; they can be
restrained.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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