The Number Concept: Its Origin and Development — John Shaqi
The Number Concept: Its Origin and DevelopmentConant, Levi L. (Levi Leonard)
History
The Number Concept: Its Origin and Development
Conant, Levi L. (Levi Leonard)
Number concept
An equally interesting scale is furnished by the language of the
Maipures[78] of the Orinoco, who count
1. papita.
2. avanume.
3. apekiva.
4. apekipaki.
5. papitaerri capiti = 1 only hand.
6. papita yana pauria capiti purena = 1 of the other hand we take.
10. apanumerri capiti = 2 hands.
11. papita yana kiti purena = 1 of the toes we take.
20. papita camonee = 1 man.
40. avanume camonee = 2 men.
60. apekiva camonee = 3 men, etc.
In all the examples thus far given, 20 is expressed either by the
equivalent of "man" or by some formula introducing the word "feet." Both
these modes of expressing what our own ancestors termed a "score," are so
common that one hesitates to say which is of the more frequent use. The
following scale, from one of the Betoya dialects[79] of South America, is
quite remarkable among digital scales, making no use of either "man" or
"foot," but reckoning solely by fives, or hands, as the numerals indicate.
1. tey.
2. cayapa.
3. toazumba.
4. cajezea = 2 with plural termination.
5. teente = hand.
6. teyentetey = hand + 1.
7. teyente cayapa = hand + 2.
8. teyente toazumba = hand + 3.
9. teyente caesea = hand + 4.
10. caya ente, or caya huena = 2 hands.
11. caya ente-tey = 2 hands + 1.
15. toazumba-ente = 3 hands.
16. toazumba-ente-tey = 3 hands + 1.
20. caesea ente = 4 hands.
In the last chapter mention was made of the scanty numeral systems of the
Australian tribes, but a single scale was alluded to as reaching the
comparatively high limit of 20. This system is that belonging to the
Pikumbuls,[80] and the count runs thus:
1. mal.
2. bular.
3. guliba.
4. bularbular = 2-2.
5. mulanbu.
6. malmulanbu mummi = 1 and 5 added on.
7. bularmulanbu mummi = 2 and 5 added on.
8. gulibamulanbu mummi = 3 and 5 added on.
9. bularbularmulanbu mummi = 4 and 5 added on.
10. bularin murra = belonging to the 2 hands.
11. maldinna mummi = 1 of the toes added on (to the 10 fingers).
12. bular dinna mummi = 2 of the toes added on.
13. guliba dinna mummi = 3 of the toes added on.
14. bular bular dinna mummi = 4 of the toes added on.
15. mulanba dinna = 5 of the toes added on.
16. mal dinna mulanbu = 1 and 5 toes.
17. bular dinna mulanbu = 2 and 5 toes.
18. guliba dinna mulanbu = 3 and 5 toes.
19. bular bular dinna mulanbu = 4 and 5 toes.
20. bularin dinna = belonging to the 2 feet.
As has already been stated, there is good ground for believing that this
system was originally as limited as those obtained from other Australian
tribes, and that its extension from 4, or perhaps from 5 onward, is of
comparatively recent date.
A somewhat peculiar numeral nomenclature is found in the language of the
Klamath Indians of Oregon. The first ten words in the Klamath scale
are:[81]
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