In studying the names for 2 we are at once led away from a strictly digital origin for the terms by which this number is expressed. These names seem to come from four different sources: (1) roots denoting separation or distinction; (2) likeness, equality, or opposition; (3) addition, _i.e._ putting to, or putting with; (4) coupling, pairing, or matching. They are often related to, and perhaps derived from, names of natural pairs, as feet, hands, eyes, arms, or wings. In the Dakota and Algonkin dialects 2 is almost always related to "arms" or "hands," and in the Athapaskan to "feet." But the relationship is that of common origin, rather than of derivation from these pair-names. In the Puri and Hottentot languages, 2 and "hand" are closely allied; while in Sanskrit, 2 may be expressed by any one of the words _kara_, hand, _bahu_, arm, _paksha_, wing, or _netra,_ eye.[149] Still more remote from anything digital in their derivation are the following, taken at random from a very great number of examples that might be cited to illustrate this point. The Assiniboines call 7, _shak ko we_, or _u she nah_, the odd number.[150] The Crow 1, _hamat,_ signifies "the least";[151] the Mississaga 1, _pecik_, a very small thing.[152] In Javanese, Malay, and Manadu, the words for 1, which are respectively _siji_, _satu_, and _sabuah_, signify 1 seed, 1 pebble, and 1 fruit respectively[153]--words as natural and as much to be expected at the beginning of a number scale as any finger name could possibly be. Among almost all savage races one form or another of palpable arithmetic is found, such as counting by seeds, pebbles, shells, notches, or knots; and the derivation of number words from these sources can constitute no ground for surprise. The Marquesan word for 4 is _pona_, knot, from the practice of tying breadfruit in knots of 4. The Maori 10 is _tekau_, bunch, or parcel, from the counting of yams and fish by parcels of 10.[154] The Javanese call 25, _lawe_, a thread, or string; 50, _ekat_, a skein of thread; 400, _samas_, a bit of gold; 800, _domas_, 2 bits of gold.[155] The Macassar and Butong term for 100 is _bilangan_, 1 tale or reckoning.[156] The Aztec 20 is _cem pohualli_, 1 count; 400 is _centzontli_, 1 hair of the head; and 8000 is _xiquipilli_, sack.[157] This sack was of such a size as to contain 8000 cacao nibs, or grains, hence the derivation of the word in its numeral sense is perfectly natural. In Japanese we find a large number of terms which, as applied to the different units of the number scale, seem almost purely fanciful. These words, with their meanings as given by a Japanese lexicon, are as follows: