Greek literature -- History and criticism; Nurses; Thesis (Ph. D.)
It was considered an omen of future wealth and prosperity to place
children in these λίκνα.[126] Bacchus is called λικνίτης,[127] and is
represented as carried in a λίκνον between a faun and a Bacchante.[128]
Hermes is conceived to have been cradled in the same manner.[129]
Another kind of cradle shown on a vase looks like a bed on rollers,[130]
and answers very well to the description given by Plutarch, Fragm. in
Hesiod, 45: οἷά τισιν εὐκίνητα κλινίδια μεμηχάνηται πρὸς τὴν τῶν παιδίων
εὐνήν. The rocking of the cradle is mentioned by Athenaeus: ἡ τροφὸς ...
ἐτίθει αὐτὸ ἐν σκάφῃ ... ὅτε δὲ κλαίοι ... τὴν σκάφην ἐκίνει καὶ
κατεκοίμιζεν αὐτό.[131]
_Amusements Furnished by the Nurse_
It was natural for the nurse to amuse the children with the various
kinds of toys in use in antiquity. Of these, both the literature and the
art of Greece furnish many examples. We shall here consider only the
toys which are mentioned in direct connection with the nurse. That the
nurse sometimes made toys for the children, we learn from Apollonius
Rhodius, iii, 131 ff., where the wonderful ball of Zeus τὸ οἷ ποίησε
φίλη τροφὸς Ἀδράστεια is described. The shaking of rattles (κρόταλα)
before children by the nurse is spoken of by Stobaeus,[132] and Pollux
has preserved a passage dealing with the same subject: τὸ κρόταλον καὶ
τὸ σεῖστρον, ᾧ καταβαυκαλῶσιν αἱ τίτθαι ψυχαγωγοῦσαι τὰ δυσυπνοῦντα τῶν
παιδίων.[133] We have a vase-painting which portrays a nurse holding in
her arms a child, while before its face she dandles a fruit.[134]
Plutarch’s little daughter used to ask her nurse to give her dolls the
breast.[135] We learn from Plautus that the nurses took the children to
the theatres:
Nutrix ...
Me spectatum tulerat per Dionysia.[136]
And in the Poenulus, the nurses are bidden to refrain from bringing the
children to that play.[137] In Vitruvius’ account of the origin of the
Corinthian Capital, there is mention made of a Corinthian nurse who
gathers in a basket the playthings which had served for the amusement of
her nursling in life, in order to adorn the tomb with them after
death.[138]
_General Care Over Children_
To keep the child clean and to attend to all its wants were the
principal occupations of the nurse. Cilissa recalls in touching terms
the childhood of her dear nursling whose death she had just learned. She
ran to him by night, at his least cry, anticipating all his wishes and
foreseeing all his needs. Careful for the child’s cleanliness, she
washes its garments and its linen:
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