Greek literature -- History and criticism; Nurses; Thesis (Ph. D.)
The commonest form of grave-stone erected to the memory of the nurse is
the “Stele”, a horizontal grave-relief more or less ornamented, and
usually representing the nurse seated, bidding farewell to her master or
mistress. Conze in his _Die attischen Grabreliefs_ describes several of
these.
The nurse Melitta, daughter of Apollodorus, the metic, is honored by a
monument erected by her master, Hippostrates, who is also represented on
the relief. Beneath is the following inscription:
Ἐνθάδε τὴν χρηστὴν τίτθην κατὰ γαῖαν καλύπτει
Ἱπποστράτης· καὶ νῦν ποθεῖ σε.
καὶ ζῶσάν σ’ ἐφίλουν, τίτθη, καὶ νῦν σ’ ἔτι τιμῶ
οὖσαν καὶ κατὰ γῆς, καὶ τιμήσω σε ἄχρι ἂν ζῶ·
οἶδα δὲ σοι ὅτι καὶ κατὰ γῆς, εἴπερ χρηστοῖς γέρας ἐστίν,
πρώτει σοι τιμαί, τίτθη, παρὰ Φερσεφόνει
Πλούτονί τε κεῖνται.[289]
This inscription bears witness to the virtues of the nurse and the fond
relations which must have existed between her and her master, for having
loved her during life, he yearns for her when she is no more, and
promises to honor her as long as he lives, thus uniting with those great
honors which must necessarily be paid her in Hades, if there be there
any honor paid the good.
The “Stele” of Malicha of Cytherea, the Spartan nurse of the children of
Diogeitus, is engraved with an inscription bearing witness to her
goodness:
Ἐνθάδε γῆ κατέχει τίτθην παίδων
Διογείτου ἐκ Πελοποννήσου τήνδε δικαιοτάτην
Μαλίχα Κυθηρία.[290]
The epithet χρηστή so often seen on the monuments finds place on those
of nurses. Thus the combination τίτθη χρηστή,[291] to which is sometimes
added the name of the nurse, occurs: Παίδευσις τίτθη χρηστή,[292]
Πυῤῥίχη τροφὸς χρηστή.[293] Sometimes the name of the nurse and the word
τίτθη are found, as Δημητρίᾳ τίτθῃ,[294] Χοιρίνη τίτθη,[295] Φιλύρα
τίτθη,[296] and there are instances where the simple word τίτθη or
τείτθη occurs.[297] Then too, the name of the nurse’s country is
sometimes mentioned in the inscription: Φάνιον Κορινθία τίτθη[298] and
also that of her nursling: Ῥωξάνη Ζωπύρου Ἁλειέως τίτθη.[299] Βιότη
Λύσωνος Ἁμαξαντέως τροφός.[300] In these inscriptions τροφός is less
frequently used for “nurse” than τίτθη.
Besides the monuments erected especially to nurses, we often find the
nurse shown on the grave-relief of a mother in the act of handing the
child to her for the last farewell,[301] or holding in her arms a young
child enveloped in swaddling clothes.[302] The representation of the
nurse in this connection is quite in keeping with her relations towards
the family during the sad hours which preceded the burial. While the
immediate members of the family were considered as the chief mourners,
they did not look upon it as a condescension to allow the sympathetic
heart of the nurse to unite its share of grief with theirs.[303]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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