The single red camellia by either seeds, layers or cuttings. Double and variegated camellias by layers, but cuttings will succeed. Seeds give suitable stocks on which to inarch or graft the rarer kinds. The ripened shoots of the preceding summer should be taken off in August. Two or three of the lower leaves should be removed, and the cuttings planted firmly in the soil with a dibble. The pans containing the cuttings should be kept in a plant or cold-frame, without being covered with glass, but shaded during bright sunshine. In the following spring, such as have struck will begin to push, when they need to be placed in a gentle heat. Inarching or grafting is done in early spring, as soon as growth commences. =Camœnsia.= _Leguminosæ._ Increased by cuttings, which will root in sandy loam, if placed under a bell-glass. =Camomile.= See Anthemis. =Campanula= (Bellflower, Slipperwort). _Campanulaceæ._ Increased by seeds. The perennials are also propagated by dividing the roots, or by young cuttings in spring. =Campanumæa.= _Campanulaceæ._ Propagated by seeds and divisions. =Camphora= (Camphor-tree). _Laurineæ._ Increased by cuttings and seeds. =Campion.= See Silene. =Camptopus.= _Rubiaceæ._ Propagated by cuttings in sandy loam under a glass, in bottom heat. =Canarina=, Pernettya. _Campanulaceæ._ Propagated by divisions when repotted or by young cuttings in a sandy soil, in gentle warmth. =Candollea.= _Dilleniaceæ._ Increased sometimes by seeds, but usually by cuttings, which will root if placed under a hand-glass in a compost of equal parts loam and peat, with enough sand to render the whole porous. =Candytuft.= See Iberis. =Canella.= _Canellaceæ._ Increased by well-ripened cuttings taken off at the joint. They will root in sand under a hand-glass, with bottom heat, in spring; but care should be taken not to deprive them of any of their leaves. =Canna=(Indian Shot). _Scitamineæ._ Propagated by seeds sown in heat in late winter. The seeds are very hard, and germination will be materially stimulated if they are soaked in tepid water for twenty-four hours. They should be sown thinly in pans (a mixture of sand and leaf-loam is best for them), and a covering of one and one-half or two inches of earth is not excessive. It is a good plan to sow the seed singly in small pots. Also increased by divisions; they form a root-stock, each portion of which, with bud and roots attached, may be converted into an independent plant. =Cannabis= (Hemp). _Urticaceæ._ Propagated by seeds sown in spring. =Cantua=, Periphragmos. _Polemoniaceæ._ Increased by cuttings placed in sand under glass. =Capparis= (Caper-tree). _Capparideæ._ Propagated by cuttings of ripe shoots, which will root in sand under glass, in moist heat.