=Carrion Flower.= See Stapelia. =Carthamus= (Safflower). _Compositæ._ Increased by seeds sown in a gentle heat in spring. =Carya.= See Hicoria. =Caryocar=, Rhizobolus (Butternut). _Ternstrœmiaceæ._ Increased by ripened cuttings, which will root in sand in heat. =Caryophyllus= (Clove-tree). _Myrtaceæ._ Increased by cuttings of firm shoots with the leaves left on. These will root if planted in sand in a moist heat. =Caryopteris.= _Verbenaceæ._ Propagated by seeds, by divisions, or by cuttings. =Caryota.= _Palmæ._ Increased easily by seeds or by suckers. =Cashew.= See Anacardium. =Casimiroa.= _Rutaceæ._ Increased readily by seeds. =Cassandra= (Leather Leaf). _Ericaceæ._ Propagated by seeds very carefully sown, or by layers. =Cassava= (_Manihot Aipe_). _Euphorbiaceæ._ Propagated by cuttings of the stem and by suckers. Cut the large main stalks into pieces from four to six inches long and set them perpendicularly into the ground in the field. The cuttings can be struck at various times, but spring is usually preferred. The stalks can be kept over winter by covering with sand on a dry knoll, placing the stalks and sand in layers. Cover the whole with boards to shed the water. Suckers which appear during summer can be removed and planted or made into cuttings. =Cassia.= _Leguminosæ._ Annuals and biennials by seeds, which must be sown in spring, in a gentle heat. The shrubby species by cuttings of half-ripened shoots, which will root in heat at about the same time of the year. _C. Marylandica_ also by division. =Cassine.= _Celastrineæ._ Increased by ripened cuttings, which will readily strike root if planted in a pot of sand with glass over them. =Cassinia.= _Compositæ._ Annuals by seeds. The herbaceous and shrubby kinds are increased in spring by dividing the roots, or by cuttings of half-ripened shoots placed in sand. =Castalia.= See Nymphæa. =Castor Bean.= See Ricinus. =Casuarina= (Beefwood). _Casuarineæ._ Propagated by seeds, or by cuttings made of half-ripened shoots, placed in sand under glass. =Catalpa.= _Bignoniaceæ._ Increased by seeds, and by cuttings made of the ripe wood. The named varieties and _C. Bungei_ are propagated by soft cuttings in June and July. Grafts are also used. =Catananche.= _Compositæ._ Increased by seeds, which should be sown in spring. Also by division. =Catchfly.= See Silene. =Catesbæa= (Lily Thorn). _Rubiaceæ._ Propagated by cuttings planted in sand in spring, and plunged in heat. =Catmint.= See Nepeta. =Catnip= or =Catmint= (_Nepeta Cataria_). _Labiatæ._ Seeds. Division. =Cat's Tail.= See Typha. =Cattleya.= _Orchideæ._ Increased by the pseudo-bulbs. (See under Orchids.) =Cauliflower.= See Cabbage. =Caulophyllum.= _Berberideæ._