Propagated by cuttings, which strike root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. =Chionanthus= (Fringe-tree). _Oleaceæ._ Increased by seeds, which should be started in a cold-frame. By layers and cuttings. By grafting or budding it on the common ash, it succeeds very well. =Chionodoxa.= _Liliaceæ._ Propagated by seeds, which are produced freely. They should be sown as soon as ripe. By bulbels. =Chironia.= _Gentianeæ._ Increased by seeds, and by cuttings inserted in sandy soil, and placed in a gentle heat in spring. =Chives= or =Cives= (_Allium Schœnoprasum_). _Liliaceæ._ Division of the clumps. =Chloanthes.= _Verbenaceæ._ Propagated by cuttings of young shoots, which root freely in sandy soil under glass. =Choisya.= _Rutaceæ._ Increased by ripened cuttings. =Chrysanthemum.= _Compositæ._ Increased by seeds to obtain new varieties; these should be sown in spring. Division may be made, but this is not often practiced. Usually propagated by cuttings of firm, healthy, short-jointed shoots, about three inches long. They should be made in spring, and placed near the glass of a rather close frame having a temperature of about 45°. No bottom heat should be given. If inserted in pots, only the lower leaf should be removed; if in beds the remaining foliage should also be trimmed to admit air. The soil should be made of equal parts of sand, leaf-mould and loam, spreading a layer of sand over the top. Insert about one-half of the cutting, press the soil firmly, and water. Leaf cuttings have been employed. Inarching and grafting may also be performed. =Chrysobalanus= (Coco Plum). _Rosaceæ._ Increased by seeds when procurable. Large cuttings, however, taken off at a joint without shortening any of their leaves, will root readily if planted thinly in a pot of sand, and placed in moist heat with a bell-glass over them. =Chrysocoma= (Goldy-locks). _Compositæ._ Propagated by seeds, or by cuttings of half-ripened shoots, placed in sand under glass. =Chrysogonum.= _Compositæ._ Seeds. Increased by dividing the roots in spring. =Chrysophyllum= (Star Apple). _Sapotaceæ._ Increased by seeds when procurable. By cuttings of small well-ripened shoots, plunged in strong, moist heat. =Chrysopsis.= _Compositæ._ Seeds. Propagated by division in spring. =Chrysosplenium= (Golden Saxifrage). _Saxifrageæ._ Increased easily by division. Also occasionally by seeds. =Cicca= (Otaheite Gooseberry). _Euphorbiaceæ._ Seeds. By cuttings of ripe shoots, which will root in sand, if placed under a glass and in bottom heat. =Cimicifuga= (Bugwort). _Ranunculaceæ._ Increased by seeds, sown in a cold-frame or border as soon as ripe; or by division of the roots in spring. =Cinchona= (Peruvian Bark). _Rubiaceæ._