Imported seeds, and cuttings taken off when ripe and planted in a pot of sand, under glass, in a moist heat. =Cineraria.= _Compositæ._ Seeds should be sown under glass; those intended for autumn flowering in April and May, those for spring in July and August. Light leaf-mould should be used, and about an equal quantity of fresh sifted loam and sharp sand added, the whole being well mixed. Old cow manure is a good medium in which to sow (see page 19); then fill up with fine soil. Also by divisions and by cuttings. =Cinquefoil.= See Potentilla. =Cipura.= _Irideæ._ Propagated by seeds, which should be sown in a slight heat in spring; or by bulbels, which are abundantly produced. =Circæa= (Enchanter's Nightshade). _Onagrarieæ._ Seeds; also by the running roots. =Cissampelos.= _Menispermaceæ._ Propagated by cuttings, which root readily in heat. =Cissus.= _Ampelideæ._ Propagated by cuttings in the spring. Choose the weakly shoots that are pruned just before the plants break into new growth, or allow the young shoots to grow to a length of about two inches. Then cut them off, with a small piece of the base branch adhering to the young wood; or the shoots may be cut off with one or several of these young branchlets on them. Cut the old branch through at the base of each young one, and insert the cutting with this heel of the old wood entire. In this country, usually grown from common green cuttings in summer. =Cistus= (Rock-Rose). _Cistineæ._ Propagated by seeds, by layers or cuttings under frames outside, or inside with a gentle bottom heat; but seedlings always make the best plants. The seeds should be sown early in the spring in pans or boxes in a frame, and lightly covered with sifted sandy mould. Cuttings should be made from three to four inches long. They may be struck in spring or autumn, in sandy peat under glass. =Citron= (_Citrus medica_). _Rutaceæ._ Seeds, which usually reproduce the kind. Mature cuttings, the same as lemon. Also budded on orange, lemon or lime stocks. =Citrus.= _Rutaceæ._ Increased by seeds, layers, cuttings, inarching, grafting and budding. For particular methods, see Lemon, Lime, Orange and Pomelo. =Cladrastis= (Yellow-wood). _Leguminosæ._ Propagated by seed sown in the open air in spring, or by cuttings of the roots. =Clarkia.= _Onagrariæ._ Increased by seeds, which may be sown in spring or autumn out-doors. =Clavija=, Theophraste. _Myrsineæ._ Propagated by cuttings of half-ripened shoots. These will root in sandy loam, with a surface consisting wholly of sand, if placed in bottom heat. =Clematis= (Virgin's Bower). _Ranunculaceæ._