Clematis may be increased by seeds. The seed vessels should be gathered before autumn, and stored in some dry, cool place till the following spring, when the seeds they contain may be sown in light, sandy soil, and placed in gentle heat till they germinate. By layers outside, put in at any time. All the varieties of clematis may also be readily increased by cuttings made of the young shoots, which may be cut up to every eye and planted in gentle heat. Also by grafting any of the varieties on portions of clematis roots in winter. Good healthy pieces of root obtained from old plants answer the purpose well. See also Atragene. =Cleome.= _Capparideæ._ Increased by seeds sown in a frame in spring, with slight warmth. Ripened cuttings root freely in moderate heat. =Clerodendron=, Ovieda, Siphonantha, Volkameria. _Verbenaceæ._ Increased by seed, which, if sown when ripe or in the spring, and grown on in heat, may be converted into flowering plants the second season. Propagated also by cuttings of both green and mature wood; also of roots. Suckers. The climbing varieties do not root quite so readily from cuttings as the others, but cuttings of the ripened wood do well. =Clethra.= _Ericaceæ._ Propagated by seeds, divisions and layers. Cuttings taken from the half-ripened wood will root in gentle heat. =Clianthus= (Glory Pea, Parrot Beak). _Leguminosæ._ _C. Dampieri_ is best raised from seeds, which should be sown singly in good-sized pots, when the necessity of first shifting will be obviated. _C. puniceus_ and others from cuttings, which strike easily in sand in bottom heat. =Clintonia.= _Liliaceæ._ Propagated by seeds and by division of the root in spring. =Clitoria.= _Leguminosæ._ The best method of increasing is by seeds. Increased also by cuttings of stubby side shoots, which will root in sandy soil, in heat. =Cliva=, Imantophyllum. _Amaryllideæ._ Propagated by seeds or divisions. =Clove-tree.= See Caryophyllus. =Clusia= (Balsam-tree). _Guttiferæ._ Increased by cuttings of half-ripened shoots, which will strike in sand, with bottom heat. =Cobæa.= _Palemoniaceæ._ Readily raised from fresh seed in spring, if a gentle bottom heat is supplied. It is often said that the seeds must be placed on edge, but this is a mistake. From cuttings taken when young, in spring, and inserted in pots of sandy soil, placed in gentle bottom heat. =Coccocypselum.= _Rubiaceæ._ Propagated by dividing the creeping stems. =Coccoloba= (Seaside Grape). _Polygonaceæ._ Propagated by seeds and by cuttings of the ripened wood, with leaves entire, and taken off at a joint. These will root freely in sand under glass. =Cocculus=, Wendlandia. _Menispermaceæ._