Seeds are rarely employed. Usually increased by short green cuttings in a frame. =Licuala=, Pericycla. _Palmæ._ Seeds may be sown in spring in a sandy soil, and placed in a strong, moist bottom heat. =Lietzia.= _Gesneraceæ._ Increased by seeds sown in early spring, in heat; by cuttings inserted in sand under a glass, in bottom heat; or by tubers, which must be kept dry in winter and potted in early spring. =Lightfootia.= _Campanulaceæ._ The annuals, by seeds sown in a warm frame in spring. Perennials also by cuttings made of young shoots placed in sand containing a little peat, under glass. =Ligularia.= _Compositæ._ Increased by seeds, or by divisions in spring and autumn. =Ligustrum= (Privet, Prim). _Oleaceæ._ Stratified seeds. Division. The named varieties are grown from cuttings, either of green or ripe wood. =Lilac.= See Syringa. =Lilium= (Lily). _Liliaceæ._ Seeds--giving new varieties in the variable species--should be sown as soon as ripe in well-drained pans of sandy peat, slightly covered with similar soil and a layer of moss, and placed in a cool frame. Usually increased by bulbels, which should be planted a few inches apart in prepared beds. Sometimes small bulblets form in the axils of the leaves, and these are used in the same manner as bulbels. Bulb-scales are often employed for the multiplication of scarce kinds. Those which produce large and loose bulbs, as _L. candidum_, may be increased by simple division. These operations are described on pp. 25 to 29. =Lily of the Valley.= See Convallaria. =Lime= (_Citrus Limetta_). _Rutaceæ._ Seeds, which usually reproduce the variety. Some varieties are budded upon strong seedlings. =Lime-tree.= See Tilia. =Limnanthes.= _Geraniaceæ._ Freely increased by seeds in any ordinary garden soil in spring or autumn. =Limnocharis.= _Alismaceæ._ Increased by seeds, by divisions, and by runners. =Linaria= (Toadflax). _Scrophularineæ._ Increased by seeds sown in light soil, in early spring. Or by divisions made in spring or autumn. The greenhouse species are ordinarily grown from seeds, which should be carefully sown in finely pulverized soil. Cuttings may also be used. =Linden.= See Tilia. =Lindleya.= _Rosaceæ._ Increased by ripened cuttings under glass in bottom heat; or by grafting on the hawthorn. =Linnæa.= _Caprifoliaceæ._ Naturally increased by layers or runners. Seeds are rarely employed. =Linum= (Flax). _Lineæ._ Propagated by seeds, the hardy species sown out-doors and the tender ones under glass. Cuttings may be taken from firm shoots and inserted in a sandy position under glass. The ordinary flax is sown directly in the field. =Lippia=, including Aloysia, Zapania. _Verbenaceæ._