Seeds. Usually by cuttings of young shoots, which will root freely in sandy soil in a close, warm frame. If it is not possible to secure the necessary heat, cuttings of the hard wood can be used in autumn, under glass. =Liquidambar= (Sweet Gum). _Hammelideæ._ Seeds, which should be stratified or sown as soon as ripe. Many of the seeds may lie dormant until the second year. =Liquorice.= See Glycyrrhiza. =Liriodendron= (Tulip-tree, White-wood). _Magnoliaceæ._ Increased by stratified seeds. Named varieties are grafted on seedlings. The seeds of the tulip-tree are apt to be hollow, especially those grown along the eastern limits of the distribution of the species. =Lisianthus.= _Gentianeæ._ The annuals may be increased by seeds, those of a shrubby habit by cuttings. =Litchi.= See Nephelium. =Lithospermum=, including Batschia (Gromwell). _Boragineæ._ May be propagated by seeds, by divisions, or by cuttings. =Livistona=, Latania, Saribus (Fan Palm). _Palmæ._ Seeds, sown in a sandy soil and placed in a gentle bottom heat. =Lloydia.= _Liliaceæ._ Seeds rarely. Increased by bulbels, or by the creeping shoots leaving a bulb at the extremity. =Loasa=, including Illairea. _Loaseæ._ All are easily increased by seeds sown in a light, sandy soil, usually under cover. Cuttings are rarely used. =Lobelia.= _Campanulaceæ._ Ordinarily increased by seeds, which are more certain if handled in pans or flats under glass. Cuttings from vigorous shoots may be employed, and strong plants of some species may be divided. The cardinal flower (_L. cardinalis_) is grown from seeds carefully sown in fine soil, usually under cover. =Locust-tree.= See Robinia. =Loddigesia.= _Leguminosæ._ Increased in spring by cuttings placed under glass, in sandy soil. =Lœselia=, Hoitzia. _Polemoniaceæ._ Seeds. Cuttings of half-ripened shoots in sand under glass. =Logania=, Euosma. _Loganiaceæ._ Propagated by cuttings of firm side shoots inserted in sandy soil, under glass. =Loiseleurea.= _Ericaceæ._ Propagation by layers; very rarely by seeds, which are slow and uncertain. =Lomatia=, Tricondylus. _Proteaceæ._ Increased by cuttings of well-ripened shoots placed in a gentle heat under glass. =Lonchocarpus.= _Leguminosæ._ Seeds. Propagated by growing cuttings placed in sand under glass, in mild heat. =Lonicera=, including Caprifolium and Xylosteum (Honeysuckle). _Caprifoliaceæ._ Seeds, for new varieties. Sow as soon as ripe, or stratify, first removing them from the pulp. The upright species are commonly grown from layers and from cuttings of dormant wood. The creepers are mostly grown from dormant cuttings. =Lopezia=, Pisaura. _Onagrarieæ._ Seeds, under cover in spring. Also increased by cuttings. =Lophanthus= (Giant Hyssop). _Labiatæ._