Seeds, which should be stratified. They usually remain dormant the first year. Layers usually make the best plants. Green cuttings made in summer and handled in frames give excellent results. _V. plicatum_ is propagated by cuttings. Ripe cuttings are sometimes used for the soft-wooded species. The snowball or guelder-rose (_V. Opulus_) is rapidly increased by layers. It is also a good stock for closely related species. _V. Lantana_ and _V. dentata_ are good stocks on which varieties difficult to handle can be worked by the veneer-graft during winter. =Victoria= (Royal Water Lily, Water Platter). _Nymphæaceæ._ The seeds should be kept in vessels of water until ready for sowing, when they may be placed in loamy soil, and the pot submerged a couple of inches in water, the temperature of which should not be allowed to fall below 85°. The tank should be in a light position near the glass. Annual. =Vinca= (Periwinkle). _Apocynaceæ._ Increased by seeds and by divisions. =Viola= (Violet, Heartsease, Pansy). _Violarieæ._ The named violets are increased by cuttings made in a cool house from vigorous shoots. Common species by seeds, runners and divisions of the plants. Pansies are usually grown from seeds, but named varieties may be multiplied from cuttings taken late in the season, or from layers. =Virgilia.= See Cladrastis. =Virginia Creeper.= See Ampelopsis. =Virgin's Bower.= See Clematis. =Viscum= (Mistletoe). _Loranthaceæ._ Raised from seed, which should be inserted in a notch cut in the bark or under side of a branch of the host. Avoid crushing the seed, and have the embryo directed towards the trunk. To prevent birds from disturbing the seeds after being placed in position, cover with light-colored cloth. The seed may also be fastened to a smooth part of the tree by the sticky substance surrounding it, but more seed is lost. Our native phoradendron can be handled in the same way. =Vitex= (Chaste-tree). _Verbenaceæ._ Seeds. Suckers. Layers. Cuttings of green or ripened wood. =Vitis.= See Grape. =Vochysia=, Curcullaria. _Vochysiaceæ._ Seeds; by ripened cuttings in sand under glass, in heat. =Waahoo.= See Euonymus. =Waldsteinia.= _Rosaceæ._ May be multiplied by seeds or divisions. =Wall-flower= (_Cheiranthus Cheiri_). _Cruciferæ._ Propagated by seeds; the plants, however, will not flower at the north until the second season; protection of a frame is required. =Wallichia=, Wrightia. _Palmæ._ May be increased by seeds; or by suckers, which should be gradually separated so as to allow them to make sufficient roots before they are quite detached. =Walnut.= See Juglans. =Water-Cress= (_Nasturtium officinale_). _Cruciferæ._ Cuttings of the young stems, which root in mud with great readiness. Seeds scattered in the water or mud.