{ { { Root-tips. { { { Runners. { { 1. By { Layers proper: { { undetached { Simple. { { parts.-- { Serpentine. { { _Layerage._ { Mound. { { { Pot or Chinese. { { { I. On their { { 1. By undivided parts.-- { own roots. { { _Separation_ (Bulbs, corms, { { { bulbels, bulblets, { { { bulb-scales, tubers, etc). { { { { { 2. By detached { { Division. { { parts. { 2. By divided { Cuttings { { { parts.-- { proper: { { { _Cuttage._ { Of tubers. _B._ { { { { Of roots. By Buds. { { { { Of stems. { { { { Of leaves. { { { { I. Budding: Shield, flute, { { { veneer, ring, annular, { { { whistle or tubular. { { { { { { II. Grafting: { { { Whip. { II. On roots { { Saddle. { of other { 1. By detached { Splice. { plants.-- { scions. { Veneer. { _Graftage._ { { Cleft. { { { Bark. { { { Herbaceous. { { { Seed. { { { Double. { { { Cutting. { { 2. By undetached scions.--Inarching. CHAPTER I. SEEDAGE. =Seedage.=--The process or operation of propagating by seeds or spores, or the state or condition of being propagated by seeds or spores. There are three external requisites to the germination of seeds--moisture, free oxygen, and a definite temperature. These requisites are demanded in different degrees and proportions by seeds of different species, or even by seeds of the same species when differing widely in age or degree of maturity. The supply of oxygen usually regulates itself. It is only necessary that the seeds shall not be planted too deep, that the soil is porous and not overloaded with water. Moisture and temperature, however, must be carefully regulated.