The nutrition of manChittenden, R. H. (Russell Henry)
Science
The nutrition of man
Chittenden, R. H. (Russell Henry)
Nutrition
In these ways, the blood and lymph are continually supplied with
proteid, fat, and carbohydrate from the ingested food, and as these
fluids surround and permeate the organized elements of the tissues, the
latter are enabled to gain what they need to maintain their nutritive
balance. Living matter is essentially unstable; it is the seat of
chemical changes of various kinds, anabolic or constructive, and
katabolic or destructive. The more comprehensive term “metabolic” is
applied to all of these changes that take place in living matter. In
anabolism, the dead, inert proteids, fats, and carbohydrates are more
or less assimilated and made a part of the living matter of the tissue
cells, while at the same time a certain amount of the food material,
probably the larger amount, is simply stored as such, or left to
circulate in the blood and lymph, without being raised to the higher
level of living protoplasm. In katabolism, this accumulated material,
and in some degree the living substance itself, is broken down or
disintegrated with liberation of the stored-up energy, which manifests
itself in the form of heat and mechanical work. At times, the anabolic
processes predominate and there is a relatively large accumulation
of stored-up materials; while at other times, katabolism, with its
attendant chemical decompositions, predominates, and the body loses
correspondingly. The point to be emphasized here is that the living
body, with its multitude of living cells, is the seat of incessant
change. Construction and destruction are continually going forward
side by side; sometimes the one and sometimes the other predominating,
according to existing conditions. The living protoplasm with its
attendant storage material is, under ordinary conditions, constantly
being made good from the assimilated food, a part of which is raised to
the dignity of living matter and becomes an integral part of the living
cells, while the larger portion is simply stored for future uses, or
circulates in the blood and lymph which bathe them. Doubtless, this
storage or circulating material is the main source of the energy which
constantly flows from the cells in the form of heat and of work, as a
result of the disruptive changes that constitute katabolism.
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