The Ocean World: Being a Description of the Sea and Its Living Inhabitants.Figuier, Louis
Science
The Ocean World: Being a Description of the Sea and Its Living Inhabitants.
Figuier, Louis
Marine animals; Ocean
Family two, the Gastrochænidæ, is a somewhat heterogeneous one, as it
contains Saxicava and Aspergillum. We have only space for a short
account of the latter, the animal which has received the strange name
of the Watering Pot, and is represented in Fig. 135. It inhabits a
calcareous tube, thick, solid, of considerable length, and nearly
cylindrical, presenting at one extremity an opening fringed with one or
many foliaceous folds in the form of frills, and at the other extremity
a convex disk, pierced with holes like a watering-pot: whence its name.
The animal is attached by certain muscles to the interior of the tube.
Chenu, to whom we are indebted for our information respecting this
curious mollusc, tells us "that the animal which inhabits this curious
shell was first described by Russell, whose account of it is deficient
in the anatomical details, which might explain the utility of the holes
in the disk of the central fissure, and of the spiriform tubes found
there." We suppose that this arrangement is necessary in order to
facilitate respiration; and M. De Blainville thinks the small tubes are
intended for the passage of the fillets which are necessary to fix the
animal to the body on which it is to live, and in such a manner as to
admit of its movements round a fixed point.
[Illustration: Plate XX.--Temple of Serapis at Pozzuolo.]
[Illustration: Fig. 135. Aspergillum vaginiferum (Lamarck).]
The animal which inhabits the _Aspergillum_ is elongated, contractile,
and only occupies the upper part of the tube, but it can stretch itself
out sufficiently for all its wants. Shells of this genus are very rare,
although a great number of species are known. They are found in the Red
Sea, and in the seas of Australia and Java. The shells are generally of
a white or yellowish tint; some have the tube covered with a glutinated
sand, mixed with small fragments of shells of diverse colours. We know
nothing of their habits, and their singular forms have left naturalists
in doubt as to the place which should be assigned to them in the method
of arrangement. It is only after having recognized the existence of two
valves, which was detected with great difficulty just under the disk,
and forming part of the sheath in which the animal is encased, that it
has been decided to range them with the _Tubicola_, and with the shells
presenting an arrangement analogous or equally singular. These molluscs
are, as M. Chenu says, little known, rare, and hence much sought for by
collectors. They are exclusively exotic, the most common species being
from Java. It is imported into Europe by the Dutch. Our third family,
the Anatinidæ, includes Myochama, Pandora, Lyonsia, Myacites,
Pholadomya, Thracia, and Anatina, genera which were more important in
the former than in the present seas; some, in fact, being wholly
extinct, or represented, as in Pholadomya, by one or two living species.
Our fourth family, the Myacidæ, including Gycimeris, is found only in
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