The Ocean World: Being a Description of the Sea and Its Living Inhabitants.Figuier, Louis
Science
The Ocean World: Being a Description of the Sea and Its Living Inhabitants.
Figuier, Louis
Marine animals; Ocean
America; Panopaæ, now principally extinct; Thetis, Neæra, Corbula, and
Mya, or Gaper.
Our fifth family, Solenidæ, contains the Solens, which under the name of
"razor-fish" are so abundant on the sandy shores of all parts of the
globe. These molluscs live buried vertically in the sand, a short
distance from the shore; the hole which they have hollowed, and which
they never quit, sometimes attains as much as two yards in depth; by
means of their foot, which is large, conical, swollen in the middle, and
pointed at its extremity, they raise themselves with great agility to
the entrance of their hole. They bury themselves rapidly, and disappear
on the slightest approach of danger.
When the sea retires, the presence of the Solen is indicated by a small
orifice in the sand, whence escape at intervals bubbles of air. In order
to attract them to the surface, the fishermen throw into the hole a
pinch of salt; immediately the sand becomes stirred, and the animal
presents itself just above the point of its shell. It must be seized at
once, for it disappears again very quickly, and no renewed efforts will
bring it to the surface a second time. Its retreat is commonly cut short
by a knife being passed below it; for it burrows into the ground with
such velocity that it is difficult to capture it with the hands alone.
This shell has by some been compared to a knife-handle; by others to a
razor, which has become its popular name. It is a thin, transparent,
long, and slender equivalved bivalve, with parallel edges, gaping and
truncated at both extremities. The tints are rose-coloured, bluish-grey,
and violet; the valves slightly covered with an epidermis of a greenish
brown.
The animal which lives in this elegant dwelling has the form of an
elongated cylinder. Its mantle is closed in its whole length, and only
open at the ends at one side for the passage of the food, and at the
other for the passage of a tube formed of two syphons united together.
This curious shell, various species of which are represented in PL.
XIX., are known as razor-fish, sabre-fish, and other names, which in
some respects indicate the peculiar form of the shell, as well as its
sharpness.
[Illustration: PLATE XIX.--Razor-fish. Solenidæ.
I. Solen siliqua. (Linn.)
II. Solen vagina. (Linn.)
III. Solen ensis. (Linn.)
IV. Solen ensis major. (Lamarck.)
V. Solen ambiguus. (Lamarck.)
VI. Solen legumen.
]
The Tellinidæ, the sixth family in our table, is very important, as
including a vast number of genera and species, of which, as types, we
will particularise Tellina and Donax; but Galatea, Mesodesma, Semele,
Sanguinolaria, Psammobia, and Capsula, are important genera.
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